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Yaratıcı Turizm Çalışmaları: Sistematik Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 28 - 42 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.62425/dssh.1857563
https://izlik.org/JA74HS82XC

Öz

Yaratıcı turizme ilgi gösterilmesi bilim dünyasının da dikkatini çekmektedir ve dolayısıyla bu husus güncel bir çalışma alanını meydana getirmektedir. Türkiye’nin yaratıcı turizm konusunda somut olmayan kültürel mirasları, geleneksel el sanatları ile ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’de yaratıcı turizm alanındaki planlamaların ve uygulamaların takip edilmesi ve sözü edilen konuların ele alındığı ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel araştırmaları incelemek ve değerlendirmek önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, yaratıcı turizm konusundaki ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel araştırmaların detaylı bir şekilde bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamak, ortaya konulan bilgi kümesini belirli kriterlere göre analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma amaçları ışığında bilimsel çalışmalar, kararlaştırılan ölçütlerden geçirilerek istatistiki ve kavramsal olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma metodu baz alınarak sistematik literatür derlemesi yöntemiyle yürütülen araştırmada, ilgili çalışmaların kullandıkları yöntemler, bulundukları veri tabanları, özetleri, anahtar kelimeleri açısından değerlendirme ölçütleri ile incelemeye alınmıştır. Bulgular; yaratıcı turizmin bilim dünyasında ilgi gördüğünü; çalışmalarda nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin oranlarının eşit olduğu, daha çok derleme yöntem kullanıldığı; araştırmalarda turizmin kavramsal açıklamasına ve tanıtılmasına, belli bir destinasyonun yaratıcı turizm potansiyeline, somut olmayan kültürel mirasların yaratıcı turizm kapsamında değerlendirilmesine ve yaratıcı turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarına odaklandığını; araştırmacıların ülkeleri sıralamasında Portekiz, Türkiye, Çin’in ilk sıralarda bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. J., Smart, P. & Huff, A. S. (2017). Shades of Grey: Guidelines for Working with the Grey Literature in Systematic Reviews for Management and Organisational Studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19, 432–454.
  • Akpulat, N. A., & Üzümcü, T. P. (2020). Geleneksel Türk El Sanatlarının Yaratıcı Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi: Ödemiş Yerel Halkının Bakış Açısı. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 7(51), 584-597.
  • Akdu, U. & Boztoprak, B. (2023). Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miraslara Yönelik Yaratıcı Turizm Uygulamaları: Pasinler Lavaşı Örneği. Erciyes Akademi, 37(4), 1535-1565.
  • Ajamovic, E., & Çizel, B. (2015). UNESCO Yaratıcı Kentler Ağı ile Antalya Kentinin Değerlendirilmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 1(5), 1-14
  • Akşit Aşık, N. (2014). Yaratıcı (Kreatif) Turizm. Journal of International Social Research, 7(31), 148-158
  • Altınay, M., & İstanbullu Dinçer, F. (2017). Geleneksel El Sanatlarının Yaratıcı Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 4(Special Issue 1), 343-352.
  • Artuner Özder, C.G. (2019). The Role of Tourist’s Attributes and Expectations From Creative Tourism in Designing Activities and Attracting Partipicipants, 3rd International Symposium on Strategic and Social Research, 22-23 June. ss.27-40. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.16785/jissn1943-989x.2016.4022
  • Asiltürk Okutan, Y. A. (2022). Yeni Nesil Bir Turizm Ürünü Olarak Yaratıcı Turizm. Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal (Smart Journal), 8(56), 561-568.
  • Asiltürk Okutan, Y. A. (2023). Yaratıcı Turizmin Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of New Tourism Trends, 4(2), 1-15.
  • Baixinho, A., Santos, C., Couto, G., Albergaria, I. S. D., Silva, L. S. D., Medeiros, P. D., & Simas, R. M. N. (2020). Creative Tourism on Islands: A Review of the Literature. Sustainability, 12(24), 10313.
  • Baixinho, A., Santos, C., Couto, G., Albergaria, I. S. D., Silva, L. S. D., Medeiros, P. D., & Simas, R. N. (2023). Sustainable Creative Tourism on Islands and the Pandemic: The Creatour Azores project. Island Studies Journal, 1-23.
  • Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., & Vinagre de Castro, T. (2019). Creative tourism: Catalysing artisan entrepreneur networks in rural Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(4), 731-752.
  • Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., Remoaldo, P. C., & Matos, O. (2019). The Social Utility of Small-scale Art Festivals with Creative Tourism in Portugal. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(3), 248-266.
  • Benhaida, S., Safaa, L., Perkumienė, D., & Labanauskas, G. (2024). Creative tourism: Two decades of conceptual evolution and characterization. Administrative Sciences, 14(8), 172.
  • Cabeça, S. M., Gonçalves, A. R., Marques, J. F., & Tavares, M. (2019). Mapping Intangibilities in Creative Tourism Territories Through Tangible Objects: A Methodological Approach for Developing Creative Tourism Offers. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 42-49.
  • Carvalho, R. M. F., da Costa, C. M. M., & Ferreira, A. M. A. P. (2019). Review of The Theoretical Underpinnings in The Creative Tourism Research Field. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 11-22.
  • Carvalho, R., Ferreira, A. M., & Figueira, L. M. (2016). Cultural and Creative Tourism in Portugal. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(5), 1075-1082.
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  • Chan, C. S., Chang, T. C., & Liu, Y. (2022). Investigating Creative Experiences and Environmental Perception of Creative Tourism: The case of PMQ (Police Married Quarters) in Hong Kong. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(2), 223-244.
  • Chen, C. F., & Chou, S. H. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Coolness for Generation Y in the Context of Creative Tourism-A Case Study of The Pier 2 Art Center in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 72, 121-129.
  • Chen, Z., Chen, X., & Mak, B. (2021). The Hybrid Discourse on Creative Tourism: Illuminating the Value Creation Process. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15(4), 547-564.
  • Cheng, T. M., & Chen, M. T. (2023). Creative Atmosphere in Creative Tourism Destinations: Conceptualizing and Scale Development. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 47(3), 590-615.
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Creative Tourism Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 28 - 42 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.62425/dssh.1857563
https://izlik.org/JA74HS82XC

Öz

The interest in creative tourism has created interest among the scientific world and hence, creating a current field of study. It is seen that Turkey stands out with its intangible cultural heritage and traditional handicrafts regarding the creative tourism. It is of high significance to pursue the plans and applications in the field in question in Turkey and to examine and evaluate national and international scientific researches addressing the mentioned fields. In this research, it is aimed to provide a detailed understanding of national and international scientific researches on creative tourism and to analyze the presented information set according to certain criteria. Taking into the agreed criteria and in the light of the study objectives, scientific studies were evaluated statistically and conceptually. In the research conducted with the systematic literature review method based on the qualitative research method, the methods used by the relevant studies, the databases they are located in, their summaries, and keywords were examined with evaluation criteria. The findings indicate that creative tourism has gained attention in the scientific world; the proportions of quantitative and qualitative methods were equal in the studies and the compilation method was mostly used; The research focuses on the conceptual explanation and promotion of tourism, the creative tourism potential of a particular destination, evaluation of intangible cultural heritage within the scope of creative tourism and the travel motivations of creative tourists; and it is revealed that Portugal, Turkey and China are at the top of the researchers' list of countries.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. J., Smart, P. & Huff, A. S. (2017). Shades of Grey: Guidelines for Working with the Grey Literature in Systematic Reviews for Management and Organisational Studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19, 432–454.
  • Akpulat, N. A., & Üzümcü, T. P. (2020). Geleneksel Türk El Sanatlarının Yaratıcı Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi: Ödemiş Yerel Halkının Bakış Açısı. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 7(51), 584-597.
  • Akdu, U. & Boztoprak, B. (2023). Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miraslara Yönelik Yaratıcı Turizm Uygulamaları: Pasinler Lavaşı Örneği. Erciyes Akademi, 37(4), 1535-1565.
  • Ajamovic, E., & Çizel, B. (2015). UNESCO Yaratıcı Kentler Ağı ile Antalya Kentinin Değerlendirilmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 1(5), 1-14
  • Akşit Aşık, N. (2014). Yaratıcı (Kreatif) Turizm. Journal of International Social Research, 7(31), 148-158
  • Altınay, M., & İstanbullu Dinçer, F. (2017). Geleneksel El Sanatlarının Yaratıcı Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 4(Special Issue 1), 343-352.
  • Artuner Özder, C.G. (2019). The Role of Tourist’s Attributes and Expectations From Creative Tourism in Designing Activities and Attracting Partipicipants, 3rd International Symposium on Strategic and Social Research, 22-23 June. ss.27-40. DOİ: https://doi.org/10.16785/jissn1943-989x.2016.4022
  • Asiltürk Okutan, Y. A. (2022). Yeni Nesil Bir Turizm Ürünü Olarak Yaratıcı Turizm. Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal (Smart Journal), 8(56), 561-568.
  • Asiltürk Okutan, Y. A. (2023). Yaratıcı Turizmin Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of New Tourism Trends, 4(2), 1-15.
  • Baixinho, A., Santos, C., Couto, G., Albergaria, I. S. D., Silva, L. S. D., Medeiros, P. D., & Simas, R. M. N. (2020). Creative Tourism on Islands: A Review of the Literature. Sustainability, 12(24), 10313.
  • Baixinho, A., Santos, C., Couto, G., Albergaria, I. S. D., Silva, L. S. D., Medeiros, P. D., & Simas, R. N. (2023). Sustainable Creative Tourism on Islands and the Pandemic: The Creatour Azores project. Island Studies Journal, 1-23.
  • Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., & Vinagre de Castro, T. (2019). Creative tourism: Catalysing artisan entrepreneur networks in rural Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(4), 731-752.
  • Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., Remoaldo, P. C., & Matos, O. (2019). The Social Utility of Small-scale Art Festivals with Creative Tourism in Portugal. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 10(3), 248-266.
  • Benhaida, S., Safaa, L., Perkumienė, D., & Labanauskas, G. (2024). Creative tourism: Two decades of conceptual evolution and characterization. Administrative Sciences, 14(8), 172.
  • Cabeça, S. M., Gonçalves, A. R., Marques, J. F., & Tavares, M. (2019). Mapping Intangibilities in Creative Tourism Territories Through Tangible Objects: A Methodological Approach for Developing Creative Tourism Offers. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 42-49.
  • Carvalho, R. M. F., da Costa, C. M. M., & Ferreira, A. M. A. P. (2019). Review of The Theoretical Underpinnings in The Creative Tourism Research Field. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 11-22.
  • Carvalho, R., Ferreira, A. M., & Figueira, L. M. (2016). Cultural and Creative Tourism in Portugal. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(5), 1075-1082.
  • Catalani, A. (2013). Integrating Western and Non-Western Cultural Expressions to Further Cultural and Creative Tourism: a Case Study. World Leisure Journal, 55(3), 252-263.
  • Chan, C. S., Chang, T. C., & Liu, Y. (2022). Investigating Creative Experiences and Environmental Perception of Creative Tourism: The case of PMQ (Police Married Quarters) in Hong Kong. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(2), 223-244.
  • Chen, C. F., & Chou, S. H. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Coolness for Generation Y in the Context of Creative Tourism-A Case Study of The Pier 2 Art Center in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 72, 121-129.
  • Chen, Z., Chen, X., & Mak, B. (2021). The Hybrid Discourse on Creative Tourism: Illuminating the Value Creation Process. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15(4), 547-564.
  • Cheng, T. M., & Chen, M. T. (2023). Creative Atmosphere in Creative Tourism Destinations: Conceptualizing and Scale Development. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 47(3), 590-615.
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  • Jelinčić, D. A., & Žuvela, A. (2012). Facing the challenge? Creative tourism in Croatia. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 4(2), 78-90.
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  • Karademir, N. (2023). Yaratıcı Turizm Uygulamaları ile Andırın'da Deprem Yaralarını Sarabiliriz. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(3), 1006-1020.
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  • Leyva, B. S., Pompa, F. D., & Velázquez, F. F. F. (2022). Innovation and creativity in the tourist offer: Challenges and perspectives for Holguin tourism destination, Cuba. RIAT: Revista Interamericana de Medioambiente y Turismo, 18(2), 236-247.
  • Li, P. Q., & Kovacs, J. F. (2022). Creative Tourism and Creative Spaces in China. Leisure Studies, 41(2), 180-197
  • Li, P. Q., & Kovacs, J. F. (2024). Creative Tourism and Visitor Motivation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(1), e2601
  • Liubarets, V., Zinkova, I., Zemlina, Y., Voroshylova, H., & Tymeichuk, A. (2022). The Development of Creative Tourism in Ukraine and Globally During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Turyzm/Tourism, 32(2), 145-161.
  • Mareque, M., de Prada Creo, E., & Álvarez-Díaz, M. (2021). Exploring Creative Tourism Based on the Cultural and Creative Cities (C3) Index and Using Bootstrap Confidence Intervals. Sustainability, 13(9), 5145.
  • Marujo, N., Borges, M. D. R., Serra, J., & Coelho, R. (2021). Strategies for Creative Tourism Activities in Pandemic Contexts: The Case of the ‘Saídas de Mestre’Project. Sustainability, 13(19), 10654.
  • Miettinen, S. (2007). Designing the creative tourism experience a service design process with Namibian craftspeople. University of Art and Design Helsinki.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G. & PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred Reporting İtems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62, 1006-1012.
  • Molerio, D. (2023). Creative Tourism Research: From a Critical Review of the Literature to Future Research Opportunities. Journal of Tourism & Development, 41, 247-262. DOI: 10.34624/rtd.v41i0.29095
  • Noivo, M. A., Lopes Dias, Á., & Jiménez-Caballero, J. L. (2022). Connecting the Dots Between Battlefield Tourism and Creative Tourism: The Case of The Peninsular War in Portugal. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 17(6), 648-668.
  • Pimenta, C. A. M., Ribeiro, J. C., & Remoaldo, P. C. (2021). The Relationship Between Creative Tourism and Local Development: A Bibliometric Approach for the Period 2009-2019. Tourism & Management Studies, 17(1), 5-18.
  • Rabazauskaitė, V. (2015). Revitalisation of Public Spaces in the Context of Creative Tourism. Creativity Studies, 8(2), 124-133.
  • Remoaldo, P., Ghanian, M., & Alves, J. (2020). Exploring the Experience of Creative Tourism in the Porthern Region of Portugal—A Gender Perspective. Sustainability, 12(24), 10408.
  • Remoaldo, P., Serra, J., Marujo, N., Alves, J., Gonçalves, A., Cabeça, S., & Duxbury, N. (2020). Profiling the Participants in Creative Tourism Activities: Case Studies from Small and Medium Sized Cities and Rural Areas from Continental Portugal. Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100746.
  • Remoaldo, P., Matos, O., Freitas, I., Gôja, R., Araújo Alves, J., Ribeiro, V., & Xavier, C. (2022). An International Overview of Certified Practices in Creative Tourism in Rural and Urban Territories. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(8), 1545-1573.
  • Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and Tourism: The State of the Art. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1225-1253.
  • Richards, G. W., & Marques, L. (2012). Exploring creative tourism: Introduction. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 4(2), 1-11.
  • Richards, G. (2015). Recipes for sustainable creative tourism. In Proceedings of the Third Business Management International Conference.https://www.academia.edu/24864589/Recipes_ for_Sustainable_Creative_Tourism
  • Richards, G. (2014). Creativity and Tourism in The City. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 119-144. Richards, G. (2019). Creative Tourism: Opportunities for Smaller Places?. Tourism & Management Studies, 15(1SI), 7-10.
  • Richards, G. (2018). Panorama of Creative Tourism Around the World. In Proceedings of the Seminário Internacional de Turismo Criativo, Cais do Sertão, Recife, Brazil.
  • Richards, G. (2020). What is Creative Tourism? A Retrospective View. In Creative Tourism: The Creatour Recipe Book; Gonçalves, A., Marques, J.F., Tavares, M., Cabeça, S.M., Eds.; CinTurs, University of Algarve: Faro, Portugal, pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-989-9023-13-0.
  • Richards, G., & Raymond, C. (2000). Creative Tourism. ATLAS News, 23(8), 16–20
  • Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing Creativity in Tourist Experiences: A Solution to The Serial Reproduction of Culture? Tourism Management, 27(6), 1209–1223.
  • Rodrigues, C., Liberato, D., & Esteves, E. (2022). The intangible cultural heritage as a creative tourism product. The masks of Trás-os-Montes. In Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems: Selected Papers from ICOTTS 2021, Volume 1 (pp. 595-609). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Ross, D., Saxena, G., Correia, F., & Deutz, P. (2017). Archaeological tourism: A creative approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 67, 37-47.
  • Santos, C., Couto, G., Albergaria, I. S. D., Silva, L. S. D., Medeiros, P. D., Simas, R. M. N., & Castanho, R. A. (2022). Analyzing Pilot Projects of Creative Tourism in an Ultra-Peripheral Region: Which Guidelines Can Be Extracted for Sustainable Regional Development? Sustainability, 14(19), 12787.
  • Sarantou, M., Kugapi, O., & Huhmarniemi, M. (2021). Context Mapping for Creative Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103064.
  • Scalabrini, E. C. B., Remoaldo, P. C., & Fernandes, P. O. (2023). Sociocultural Determinants of Creative Tourism: A Residents' Perspectives. Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, 19(3), 449-465.
  • Shahabi, R., Ghaderi, Z., Soltaninasab, M., Khoshkam, M., Patterson, I., & Tabatabaie, F. (2025). Creative Destination, Creative Cultural Experience, and Destination Brand Self-Congruence (DBSC). Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 17(1), 231-254.
  • Sharma, I., Lim, W. M., & Aggarwal, A. (2025). Creative tourism: reviewing the past and charting the future. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(11), 109-149.
  • Snyder, H. (2019). Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339.
  • Somnuxpong, S. (2020). Chiang Mai: A Creative City Using Creative Tourism Management. Journal of Urban Culture Research, 20, 112-132.
  • Suhartanto, D., Brien, A., Primiana, I., Wibisono, N., & Triyuni, N. N. (2020). Tourist Loyalty in Creative Tourism: The Role of Experience Quality, Value, Satisfaction, and Motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 867-879.
  • Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., Thinthan, S., & Lumlongrut, S. (2025). Creative tourism as a driver for sustainable development: A model for advancing SDGs through community-based tourism and environmental stewardship. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 100828.
  • Tan, S. K., Kung, S. F., & Luh, D. B. (2013). A model of ‘creative experience’in creative tourism. Annals of tourism research, 41, 153-174.
  • Tan, S. K., Luh, D. B., & Kung, S. F. (2014). A taxonomy of creative tourists in creative tourism. Tourism Management, 42, 248-259.
  • Tapfuma, M. M., Musavengane, R., & Magwaza, R. (2023). The Role of Creative Tourism Through Arts and Crafts in Promoting Inclusive Tourism in Zimbabwe. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 22(1),1-20.
  • Wattanacharoensil, W., & Schuckert, M. (2016). Reviewing Thailand's Master Plans and Policies: Implications for Creative Tourism?. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(10), 1045-1070.
  • Webster, J. and Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing The Past to Prepare for The Future: Writing A Literature Review. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 26(2), xiii-xxiii.
  • Wei, M., Liu, M., Peng, Y., Zhou, X., & Li, S. (2023). Effects of Creative Atmosphere on Tourists' Post‐Experience Behaviors in Creative Tourism: The Mediation Roles of Tourist Inspiration and Place Attachment. International Journal of Tourism Research, 25(1), 79-96.
  • Wessels, J. A., & Douglas, A. (2022). Exploring Creative Tourism Potential in Protected Areas: The Kruger National Park case. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(8), 1482-1499.
  • Zhang, Y., & Xie, P. F. (2019). Motivational Determinates of Creative Tourism: A Case Study of Albergue Art Space in Macau. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(20), 2538-2549.
  • Zoğal, V., & Emekli, G. (2017). Yaratıcı Turizme Kavramsal ve Coğrafi Bir Yaklaşım. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 26(1), 21-34.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Meliha Sena Yıldırgan 0000-0003-0996-7616

Gül Nihan Güven Yeşildağ 0000-0003-1604-0405

Orhan Batman 0000-0001-7186-7064

Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ocak 2026
Kabul Tarihi 13 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.62425/dssh.1857563
IZ https://izlik.org/JA74HS82XC
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırgan, M. S., Güven Yeşildağ, G. N., & Batman, O. (2026). Yaratıcı Turizm Çalışmaları: Sistematik Literatür İncelemesi. Dynamics in Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.62425/dssh.1857563

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