Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement

Anıl Özdemir; Coşkun Çakmak

doi:10.29130/dubited.1405720

EN TR

Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement

Abstract

Non-structural walls play a very important role in buildings, as they are used to create partitions and provide aesthetic appeal. However, their failures during earthquakes have been a recurring issue. Damage to the infill walls that occurred due to the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, was observed in residential and industrial buildings and especially in transformer structures that provide vital electricity distribution. This article presents the findings of field surveys conducted in Kahramanmaraş after recent earthquakes, focusing on non-structural wall collapses that obstructed mainly residential building entrances-exits and structures of particular importance. Within the scope of this study, deficiencies in the certification process in the field of infill walls were seen as the root of workmanship defects. Recommendations were made for the deficiencies in the certification process and for improving the process for the future. Infill walls shouldn’t exhibit out-of-plane behavior, causing loss of life and property and for escape routes to be blocked due to falling walls. With today's technology and engineering, it is possible to positively improve the energy consumption capacity and out-of-plane behavior of infill walls. In this context, a detailed literature review was conducted, and the different techniques used were explained in the article. In addition, explanations were given regarding the force of regulation in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, the compatibility of regulations and national qualifications in the direction from the design to the production of infill walls is revealed.

Keywords

Non-structural walls, Infill Wall, Wall, Earthquake, Building failures, Construction practices, National qualification system, TBDY 2018

Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde Dolgu Duvar Hatalarının Belirlenmesi ve Performans Geliştirme Stratejileri

Abstract

Yapısal olmayan duvarlar, bölmeler oluşturmak ve estetik çekicilik sağlamak için kullanıldıklarından binalarda çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Ancak deprem sırasındaki başarısızlıkları sürekli tekrarlanan bir sorun olmuştur. 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremi sonucu konut, sanayi binaları ve özellikle hayati öneme sahip elektrik dağıtımını sağlayan trafo yapılarındaki dolgu duvarlarda hasarlar gözlemlendi. Bu makale, Kahramanmaraş'ta meydana gelen son depremlerden sonra yapılan saha araştırmalarının bulgularını, özellikle konut binalarının giriş-çıkışlarını kapatan ve özel önem taşıyan yapıların işlevselliğini kaybetmesine neden olan yapısal olmayan duvar göçmelerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında dolgu duvar alanındaki sertifikasyon sürecindeki eksiklikler işçilik kusurlarının kökeni olarak görülmüştür. Sertifikasyon sürecindeki eksikliklere ve geleceğe yönelik sürecin iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Dolgu duvarların düzlem dışı davranış sergileyerek can ve mal kaybına yol açması, göçen duvarlar nedeniyle kaçış yollarının kapanması istenmez. Günümüz teknolojisi ve mühendisliği ile dolgu duvarların enerji tüketim kapasitesini ve düzlem dışı davranışlarını olumlu yönde iyileştirmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda detaylı bir literatür taraması yapılmış ve kullanılan farklı teknikler çalışmada irdelenmiştir. Buna ek olarak konu hakkında Türkiye'de yürürlükte olan mevzuata ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, dolgu duvarların tasarımından üretimine kadar olan süreçte kullanılan mevzuat ve ulusal yeterliliklerin eşgüdümün önemine vurgu yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Yapısal olmayan duvarlar, Dolgu Duvar, Duvar, Deprem, Yapısal Göçmeler, İnşaat uygulamaları, Ulusal yeterlilik sistemi, TBDY 2018

Thanks

Yazarlar, editör ve hakemlere makalenin geliştirilmesine vercekleri katkıdan dolayı şimdiden teşekkürü bir borç bilir.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Earthquake Engineering, Construction Materials, Production Technologies, Civil Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Anıl Özdemir ^*
0000-0001-6563-5144
Türkiye

Coşkun Çakmak
0000-0002-8138-272X
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 23, 2024

Submission Date

December 16, 2023

Acceptance Date

April 26, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 12 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1405720

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA72TU87YN

APA

Özdemir, A., & Çakmak, C. (2024). Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(4), 1862-1878. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1405720

AMA

1.Özdemir A, Çakmak C. Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement. DUBİTED. 2024;12(4):1862-1878. doi:10.29130/dubited.1405720

Chicago

Özdemir, Anıl, and Coşkun Çakmak. 2024. “Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12 (4): 1862-78. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1405720.

EndNote

Özdemir A, Çakmak C (October 1, 2024) Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12 4 1862–1878.

IEEE

[1]A. Özdemir and C. Çakmak, “Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement”, DUBİTED, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1862–1878, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1405720.

ISNAD

Özdemir, Anıl - Çakmak, Coşkun. “Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12/4 (October 1, 2024): 1862-1878. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1405720.

JAMA

1.Özdemir A, Çakmak C. Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement. DUBİTED. 2024;12:1862–1878.

MLA

Özdemir, Anıl, and Coşkun Çakmak. “Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 4, Oct. 2024, pp. 1862-78, doi:10.29130/dubited.1405720.

Vancouver

1.Anıl Özdemir, Coşkun Çakmak. Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement. DUBİTED. 2024 Oct. 1;12(4):1862-78. doi:10.29130/dubited.1405720

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