Deep Learning with Limited Data: Advanced Classification Approaches Through Few-Shot Learning and Prototype Networks

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 631 - 642, 30.04.2025

Sara Altun Güven , Buket Toptaş

Abstract

Classification problems in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence facilitate the extraction of meaningful information from data by assigning inputs to specific categories. Classification processes offer solutions for a wide range of areas, including health, agriculture, education, and sports. However, the classification process typically requires a large amount of labeled data. Accessing a large volume of labeled data is costly and time-consuming. The few-shot learning method has been utilized to address this issue, allowing models to learn new tasks with minimal examples. In this article, pre-trained deep network architectures have been fed into prototype networks, creating representative examples for each class. Thus, the category to which new data belongs is determined based on its similarity to the prototypes. Experimental studies have been conducted on the Food101 and Oxford-III Pet datasets, and the experimental results have been measured using four different evaluation metrics. The results have been presented and interpreted both in table form and graphically. In comparing classification accuracy, the metrics of Accuracy, F1_Score, Precision, and Recall were utilized. For the Oxford-III Pet dataset, ResNet18 demonstrated the best classification performance with metric values of 0.9986, 1, 1, and 1 for Accuracy, F1_Score, Precision, and Recall, respectively. In the case of the Food101 dataset, EfficientNetB0 achieved the highest classification performance, with values of 0.9320, 0.93, 0.94, and 0.93 for Accuracy, F1_Score, Precision, and Recall, respectively.

Keywords

Classification , few-shot learning , transfer learning

Sınırlı Veri ile Derin Öğrenme: Birkaç Atışlı Öğrenme ve Prototip Ağlar Aracılığıyla Gelişmiş Sınıflandırma Yaklaşımları

Abstract

Sınıflandırma problemleri, makine öğrenimi ve yapay zekâ alanında, girdileri belirli kategorilere atayarak verilerden anlamlı bilgi çıkarılmasını sağlar. Sınıflandırma işlemleri; sağlık, tarım, eğitim ve spor gibi geniş bir alan için çözümler sunar. Ancak, sınıflandırma işlemi yapılırken genellikle büyük miktarda etiketli veriye ihtiyaç duyulur. Büyük miktarda etiketli veriye ulaşmak maliyetli ve zaman alıcıdır. Bu problemin çözebilmek için birkaç atışlı öğrenme yöntemi ile modelin çok sınırlı örneklerle yeni görevleri öğrenmesine olanak tanınmıştır. Bu makalede, önceden eğitilmiş derin ağ mimarileri prototip ağlara beslenmiş ve her sınıf için temsilci örnekler oluşturulmuştur. Böylece, yeni verilerin hangi kategoriye ait olduğu prototiplere olan benzerliğe göre belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar, Food101 ve Oxford-III Pet veri setleri üzerinde denenmiş ve deneysel sonuçlar dört farklı değerlendirme metriği ile ölçülmüştür. Deneysel sonuçlar hem tablo olarak hem de grafiksel olarak gösterilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sınıflandırma doğruluğunu karşılaştırmak için Doğruluk, F1_Skoru, Kesinlik ve Duyarlılık metrikleri kullanılmıştır. Oxford-III Pet veri seti için, ResNet18 mimarisi sırasıyla Doğruluk, F1_Skoru, Kesinlik ve Duyarlılık için 0.9986, 1, 1 ve 1 değerleriyle en iyi sınıflandırma performansını göstermiştir. Food101 veri seti için ise EfficientNetB0 mimarisi sırasıyla 0.9320, 0.93, 0.94 ve 0.93 değerleriyle Doğruluk, F1_Skoru, Kesinlik ve Duyarlılık açısından en yüksek sınıflandırma performansına ulaşmıştır.

Keywords

Sınıflandırma , az atışlı öğrenme , transfer öğrenme

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