Advancements in Orthopedic Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Selective Laser Melting Technology in Manufacturing Human Prosthetics

Abstract

The advancement of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly Selective Laser Melting (SLM), has significantly influenced the development of orthopedic, dental, and spinal implants. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of SLM in enhancing the properties of implants, including biocompatibility, wear, fatigue and corrosion resistance. SLM offers significant advantages such as customization, design flexibility, and the ability to produce intricate geometries with precise porosity, which plays a critical role in osseointegration and bone regeneration. This paper examines various materials used in implant manufacturing, such as titanium alloys and Co-Cr-Mo alloys, and discusses their mechanical and tribological properties, emphasizing their suitability for use in load-bearing implants. Furthermore, the impact of surface texture, roughness, and porosity on the performance and longevity of implants is explored, highlighting how these factors influence mechanical properties, cell attachment, and overall integration with human tissue. In summary, SLM has emerged as a powerful method for producing orthopedic and dental implants with tailored mechanical properties, improved bioactivity, and enhanced biocompatibility, making it a promising tool for the future of implantable medical devices. In this study, 2D drawings and suggestions for further research have been provided to future researchers in various sections.

Keywords

• Selective Laser Melting
• Additive Manufacturing
• Dental Implants
• Orthopedic

Ortopedik İmplantlardaki Gelişmeler: İnsan Protezlerinin Üretiminde Seçici Lazer Ergitme Teknolojisinin Kapsamlı Bir İncelemesi

Abstract

Katmanlı İmalat (Additive Manufacturing, AM) teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, özellikle Seçici Lazer Ergitme (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) yöntemi, ortopedik, dental ve spinal implantların geliştirilmesinde önemli bir etki yaratmıştır. Bu makale, SLM teknolojisinin implantların biyouyumluluk, aşınma, yorulma ve korozyon direnci gibi özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesindeki rolünü kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. SLM, özelleştirilebilirlik, tasarım esnekliği ve karmaşık geometrilere sahip yapıların hassas gözeneklilikle üretilebilmesi gibi önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu özellikler, osseointegrasyon (kemik entegrasyonu) ve kemik rejenerasyonu açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Makale, implant üretiminde kullanılan titanyum alaşımları ve Co-Cr-Mo alaşımları gibi çeşitli malzemeleri ele almakta ve bu malzemelerin mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerini, yük taşıyan implant uygulamalarındaki uygunlukları bağlamında tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca, yüzey dokusu, pürüzlülük ve gözenekliliğin implantların performansı ve uzun ömürlülüğü üzerindeki etkisi irdelenmekte; bu faktörlerin mekanik özellikler, hücre tutunması ve insan dokusuyla bütünleşme üzerindeki rolü vurgulanmaktadır. Özetle, SLM, kişiselleştirilmiş mekanik özelliklere sahip, geliştirilmiş biyolojik etkinlik ve artırılmış biyouyumluluk sunan ortopedik ve dental implantların üretiminde güçlü bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmakta olup, implantlanabilir tıbbi cihazların geleceği açısından umut vadeden bir teknolojidir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli bölümlerde gelecekteki araştırmacılara yönelik 2D çizimler ve ileri araştırma önerileri de sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• seçici lazer ergitme
• katmanlı imalat
• dental implantlar
• ortopedik

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