3D FDM teknolojisi ile üretilen PC/ABS kompozit parçaların kriyojenik işlemle mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi

Abstract

Bu makalede, 3D FDM baskı teknolojisinde kullanılan PC/ABS kompozit malzemeden üretilen ürünlerin mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri üzerinde kriyojenik işlemin etkileri araştırılmıştır. İlgili standartlara uygun olarak sertlik, çekme dayanımı, darbe dayanımı ve sürtünme katsayısı için üç farklı yük test numunesi üretilmiştir. Oda sıcaklığında üretilen deney numunelerinin hepsinin üretim parametreleri sabit tutularak daha sonra yapılan kriyojenik işleme odaklanılmıştır. Bu numunelere farklı bekletme zamanlarında ve -180℃’de sıvı azot ile kriyojenik işlem uygulanmıştır. Kriyojenik işlemin etkilerini görmek için mekanik özellik deneyleri yapılmış ayrıca Tarama Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile çekme deneyinde kopan yüzeylerden görüntüler alınıp mikroyapı incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde kriyojenik işlem PC/ABS kompozit malzemelerden üretilen ürünlerin hepsinin işlem görmemiş olanlara göre sertlik değerleri artmıştır. En yüksek sertlik artışı % 22,37 artarak 24 CT kodlu PC/ABS numunelerde olmuştur. Tüm numunelerin çekme dayanımı değerlerinde işlem görmemiş numunelere göre artış görülmüştür. Ancak çekme dayanımı değerlerinde en yüksek artış %8,35 ile 18 CT kodlu numunelerde olmuştur. Tüm numunelerde darbe dayanımında azalma görülmüştür. Ancak 18 CT kodlu numuneler %33,38 oranıyla en yüksek düşüşü göstermiştir. Üç farklı yük altında (5 N, 10 N ve 20 N) yapılan aşınma testlerinde tüm numunelerin sürtünme katsayılarında işlem görmemiş numunelere göre iyileşme görülmüştür. Malzemenin mikro yapı (SEM) görüntüleri karşılaştırıldığında matris yapısında farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. İşlem sonucu sertlik değerlerinde meydana gelen artış, numunelerin mikro yapısındaki moleküler zincir dizilimin daha düzenli hale gelerek kararlı bir yapıya dönüşmesi olarak açıklanmıştır. Bu yapısal değişimlerin PC/ABS kompozit malzemelerin mekanik özellikleri üzerinde olumlu etki yarattığı değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• 3D FDM
• PC/ABS
• Mekanik özellikler
• Sürtünme katsayısı
• Kriyojenik işlem

Improvement of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PC/ABS Composite Parts Manufactured with 3D FDM Technology by Cryogenic Treatment

Abstract

In this article, the effects of cryogenic treatment on mechanical and tribological properties of products made of PC/ABS composite material used in 3D FDM printing technology were investigated. Three different load test samples were produced for hardness, tensile strength, impact strength and friction coefficient in accordance with the relevant st andards. The production parameters of all the experimental samples produced at room temperature were kept constant and the subsequent cryogenic treatment was focused on. These samples were subjected to cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen at different holding times and -180℃. In order to see the effects of cryogenic treatment, mechanical property tests were carried out and also images were taken from the surfaces that were broken in the tensile test with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the microstructure was examined. Within the limits of this study, the hardness values of all products produced from cryogenically treated PC/ABS composite materials increased compared to those that were not treated. The highest hardness increase was in the 24 CT coded PC/ABS samples with an increase of 22.37%. An increase was observed in the tensile strength values of all samples compared to the untreated samples. However, the highest increase in tensile strength values was in the 18 CT coded samples with an increase of 8.35%. A decrease in impact strength was observed in all samples. However, samples with code 18 CT showed the highest decrease with a rate of 33.38%. In the wear tests performed under three different loads (5 N, 10 N and 20 N), an improvement was observed in the friction coefficients of all samples compared to untreated samples. When the microstructure (SEM) images of the material were compared, it was seen that there were differences in the matrix structure. The increase in the hardness values as a result of the process was explained as the molecular chain arrangement in the microstructure of the samples becoming more regular and turning into a stable structure. It was evaluated that these structural changes had a positive effect on the mechanical properties of PC/ABS composite materials. This research constitutes a pioneering study reporting the tribological and mechanical performance of parts manufactured from PC/ABS composites, a preferred material in 3D FDM printing technology, under cryogenic conditions.

Keywords

• 3D FDM
• PC/ABS
• Mechanical Properties
• Friction Coefficient
• Cryogenic Treatment

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