The Investigation of Physiological, Cytogenetic and Anatomical Changes Induced By Mercury (Hg) Heavy Metal Ion In Allium cepa L. (Onion)

Abstract

In the present research, toxic effects of different doses of mercury (Hg) heavy metal ion were investigated on Allium cepa L (onion). For this aim, the germination percentage, root length, weight gain, frequency of micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberrations, and mitotic index (MI) were used as indicators of toxicity. Also, the changes in the root tip meristematic cells of A. cepa L. treated with mercury (Hg) were examined. The seeds were divided into total four groups as one control and three mercury (Hg) treatment groups. The seeds in the control group were treated with only tap water for 72 hours at room temperature. The seeds in the treatment groups were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L doses of mercury (Hg) for 72 hours at room temperature. The results showed that there were statistically significant alterations in the germination percentage, root length, weight gain, MN, chromosomal aberrations, and MI frequency in a dose dependent manner in the seeds exposed to mercury (Hg) when compared with control (p<0.05). Mercury (Hg) caused significantly reduction in the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and MI in all the treatment groups. But, it caused an increase in the frequency of MN and chromosomal aberrations. Moreover, light micrographs showed some anatomical damages such as flattened cell nucleus, unclear vascular tissue, necrosis, thickening of the cortex cell wall, cell deformation and accumulation of certain substances in cortex cells. It was found in this study that A. cepa L. was very sensitive to mercury, suggesting usage as indicator for monitor of pollution induced by this metal.

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.
• Anatomy
• Mercury
• Physiology
• Cytogenetic

Cıva (Hg) Ağır Metal İyonunun Allium Cepa L. (Soğan)’da Teşvik Ettiği Fizyolojik, Sitogenetik ve Anatomik Değişimlerin Araştırılması

Abstract

        Bu çalışmada, Allium cepa L. (Soğan) üzerine Cıva (Hg) ağır metal iyonunun farklı dozlarının toksik etkileri araştırıldı. Bu amaçla; çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı, mikronukleus (MN) sıklığı, kromozomal anormallikler ve mitotik indeks (MI) toksisitenin indikatörleri olarak kullanıldı. Ayrıca, Cıva (Hg)’ya maruz kalan A. cepa L. kök ucu meristem hücrelerindeki değişimlerde araştırıldı. Tohumlar bir (1) kontrol ve üç (3) Cıva (Hg) uygulama grubu olarak toplam dört (4) gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki tohumlar, oda sıcaklığında 72 saat süresince çeşme suyu, uygulama grubundaki tohumlar ise yine oda sıcaklığında 72 saat süresince Cıva (Hg)’nın 25, 50 ve 100 mg/L dozlarıyla muamele edilmişlerdir. Sonuçlar, kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, Cıva (Hg)’ya maruz kalan tohumlarda çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı, mikronukleus (MN), kromozomal anormallikler ve mitotik indeks (MI) sıklığında doza bağlı istatistiksel olarak önemli değişimler olduğunu gösterdi (p<0.05). Cıva (Hg), tüm uygulama gruplarında, çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve MI’i önemli oranda azalttı. Fakat MN ve kromozomal anormallik sıklığında ise artışa neden oldu. Ayrıca, ışık mikrograflar yassılaşmış hücre çekirdeği, belirgin olmayan iletim doku, nekroz, korteks hücre çeperinde kalınlaşma, hücre deformasyonu ve korteks hücrelerinde bazı maddelerin birikimi şeklinde bazı anatomik değişmeleri gösterdi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada, A. cepa L.’nın Cıva (Hg)’ya karşı çok hassas olduğu ve Cıva (Hg) tarafından teşvik edilen kirliliğin izlenmesinde indikatör olarak kullanılabileceği gösterildi.

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.
• Anatomi
• Cıva (Hg)
• Fizyoloji
• Sitogenetik

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