Microplastics, Environmental - Human Health Effects and Analysis Methods

Yıl 2020, , 839 - 868, 31.01.2020

Ertuğrul Esmeray , Cevat Armutcu

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.586453

Cited By: 6

Öz

Plastics are used in many areas in our daily lives. So
far, humans have produced over 9 billion tons of plastics. By 2050, almost 38
billion tons of plastics will be produced, of which 13 billion tons will be
waste. Waste plastics will decompose over time to form microplastics (secondary
microplastics), and will also be released to the environment in intentionally
produced microplastics (primary microplastics) for use in cosmetics and
pharmaceutical industries. The distribution of microplastics can be found in
more than 1 million parts per 1 cubic meter. The environment contributes to the
accumulation and transport of microplasts, as well as the absorption of
microplastics due to the absorption of micro-pollutants and some heavy metals
in the environment causes the spread. This means that microplastics are
exponentially dangerous. Microplastics have caused increasing concern as they
pose a threat to both aquatic organisms and humans. Information about the
negative effects of the introduction of microplasts into human beings on human
health is very limited. Therefore, it is difficult to predict what kind of
danger people face. The risks of micro plastics on human and environmental
health needs urgent investigation. The aim of this article is to examine the
potential effects of microplasts on environment and human health and analysis
methods

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human and Environmental Health, Microplastics, Analysis Methods

Mikroplastikler, Çevre-İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri Ve Analiz Yöntemleri

Öz

Plastikler, günlük
yaşantımızda birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. İnsanlar şimdiye kadar 9 milyar
tonun üzerinde plastik üretmişlerdir. 2050 yılına kadar neredeyse 38 milyar ton
plastik üretilecek ve bunun 13 milyar tonu atık olacaktır. Atık plastikler zamanla
bozunarak mikroplastikleri (ikincil mikroplastikleri) oluşturacak, ayrıca
kozmetik, ilaç gibi sektörlerde kullanılmak üzere kasıtlı üretilen
mikroplastiklerde (birincil mikroplastikler) çevreye salınmış olacaktır.
Mikroplastiklerin dağılımı 1 metreküpte 1 milyondan fazla parçada
bulunabilmekte 100 metreküpte 1 parçadan daha az da bulunabilmektedir. Çevre
mikroplastik birikimine ve taşınımına katkıda bulunmakta, ayrıca
mikroplastikler absorpsiyon nedeniyle ortamda bulunan mikro kirleticileri ve
bazı ağır metalleri bünyesinde tutarak yayılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu da
mikroplastiklerin katlanarak tehlike oluşturduğu anlamına gelmektedir.

Mikroplastikler, hem suda
yaşayan canlılar için hem de insanlar için tehdit oluşturduklarından dolayı
gittikçe artan endişelere neden olmaktadır. Mikroplastiklerin çeşitli yollarla
insan bünyesine alınmasının, insan sağlığı üzerinde oluşturabileceği olumsuz
etkiler hakkında bilgiler çok sınırlıdır. Dolayısıyla insanların nedenli bir
tehlike ile karşı karşıya kaldığını kestirmek zor olaktadır. Mikroplastiklerin
insan ve çevre sağlığı üzerindeki risklerinin acil olarak araştırılmaya
ihtiyacı vardır. Bu makalenin amacı, mikroplastiklerin, çevre ve insan
sağlığına olan potansiyel etkilerini, analiz yöntemlerini incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroplastikler, İnsan ve Çevre Sağlığı, Analiz Yöntemleri

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