A Vortex-Assisted Microextraction Based On Deep Eutectic Solvents for Determination of Four Parabens from Cosmetic Baby Oils and Optimization by Box-Behnken Design

Abstract

This study presents microextraction and determination of four parabens by vortex-assisted microextraction based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in cosmetic baby oils. The most suitable DES, ChCl-ethylene glycol mole ratios of DES were determined as 1:2 for use in this study. The effect of DES types has been explored at traditional one factor experiment at a time. The effect of DES volume, dilution solvent volume and vortex time on extraction recovery were examined and optimized by the Box-Behnken design. After optimum conditions were determined, vortex-assisted microextraction based on DES, 0.1-100 µg mL-1 concentration in the range of the calibration curve was plotted for all parabens. The recovery values of parabens in cosmetic baby oil samples were in the range of 82.02-101.95% and the RSDs were varied from 1.64% to 2.91%. This developed method is very suitable and effective method for the extraction of parabens from cosmetic products of similar structure.

Keywords

• Deep eutectic solvents
• paraben
• liquid phase microextraction
• Box-Behnken design

Kozmetik Bebek Yağlarında Dört Parabenin Tayini için Derin Ötektik Çözücülere Dayanan Vorteks Destekli Mikro Ekstraksiyon ve Box-Behnken Tasarımı ile Optimizasyon

Abstract

Bu çalışma kozmetik bebek yağlarında derin ötektik çözücülere (DES'ler) dayalı vorteks destekli mikroekstraksiyon ile dört parabenin mikro ekstraksiyonu ve tayinini sunmaktadır. En uygun DES, ChCl-etilen glikol mol oranları bu çalışmada kullanılmak üzere 1:2 olarak belirlenmiştir. DES türlerinin etkisi, geleneksel tek faktörlü deneyde araştırılmıştır. DES hacmi, seyreltme çözücü hacmi ve vorteks süresinin ekstraksiyon geri kazanımı üzerindeki etkisi Box-Behnken tasarımı ile incelenmiş ve optimize edilmiştir. Optimum koşullar belirlendikten sonra, DES'e dayalı vorteks destekli mikro ekstraksiyon, kalibrasyon eğrisi 0.1-100 µg mL-1 konsantrasyon tüm parabenler için çizildi. Kozmetik bebek yağı numunelerindeki parabenlerin geri kazanım değerleri % 82.02-101.95 aralığındadır ve RSD'ler %1.64 ile %2.91 arasında değişmektedir. Bu geliştirilen yöntem, benzer yapıdaki kozmetik ürünlerden parabenlerin ekstraksiyonu için çok uygun ve etkili bir yöntemdir.

Keywords

• Derin ötektik çözücüler
• paraben
• sıvı faz mikroekstraksiyon
• Box-Behnken tasarımı

References

1. [1] M. Esteki, S. Nouroozi, S. Amanifar, and Z. Shahsavari, “A Simple and Highly Sensitive Method for Quantitative Detection of Methyl Paraben and Phenol in Cosmetics Using Derivative Spectrophotometry and Multivariate Chemometric Techniques,” Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, vol. 64, pp. 152-163, 2017.
2. [2] C.F. Grecco, I.D. Souza, and M.E. C. Queiroz, “Recent Development of Chromatographic Methods to Determine Parabens in Breast Milk Samples: A Review,” Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1093, pp. 82-90, 2018.
3. [3] C. Freire, J. M. Molina-Molina, L. M. Iribarne-Durán, I. Jiménez-Díaz, F. Vela-Soria, V. Mustieles, and N. Olea, “Concentrations of Bisphenol A and Parabens in Socks for Infants and Young Children in Spain and Their Hormone-Like Activities,” Environment International, vol. 127, pp. 592-600, 2019.
4. [4] I. Van Overmeire, K. Vrijens, T. Nawrot, A. Van Nieuwenhuyse, J. Van Loco, and T. Reyns, “Simultaneous Determination of Parabens, Bisphenols and Alkylphenols in Human Placenta By Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1121, pp. 96-102, 2019.
5. [5] I. Gosens, C. J. Delmaar, W. Ter Burg, C. De Heer, and A. G. Schuur, “Aggregate Exposure Approaches for Parabens in Personal Care Products: A Case Assessment for Children Between 0 and 3 Years Old,” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, vol. 24, pp. 208-214, 2014.
6. [6] T. Potouridis, E. Berger, and W. Püttmann, “Analysis of Alkyl Esters of P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (Parabens) in Baby Teethers via Gas Chromatography-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC-qMS) Using A Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA),” Analytical Methods, vol. 8, pp. 3466-3474, 2016.
7. [7] E. Yıldız, and H. Çabuk, “Miniaturized Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction for the Determination of Paraben Preservatives in Cream Samples,” Journal of Separation Science, vol. 41, pp. 2750-2758, 2018.
8. [8] C. W. Chen, W. C. Hsu, Y. C. Lu, J. R. Weng, and C. H. Feng, “Determination of Parabens Using Two Microextraction Methods Coupled with Capillary Liquid Chromatography-UV Detection,” Food Chemistry, vol. 241 pp. 411-418, 2018.

9. [9] Q. Yin, Y. Zhu, and Y. Yang, “Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed By Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Four Parabens in Beverage Samples By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” Food Analytical Methods, vol. 11 pp. 797-807, 2018.
10. [10] M. R. Lee, C. Y. Lin, Z. G. Li, and T. F. Tsai, “Simultaneous Analysis of Antioxidants and Preservatives in Cosmetics By Supercritical Fluid Extraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1120, pp. 244–251, 2006.
11. [11] Y. Xue, N. Chen, C. Luo, and C. Sun, “Simultaneous Determination of Seven Preservatives in Cosmetics By Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis,” Analytical Methods, vol. 5, pp. 2391–2397, 2013.
12. [12] Y. Chen, S. Cao, L. Zhang, C. Xi, and Z. Chen, “Modified QuEChERS Combination with Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for the Determination of 16 Preservatives By Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry,” Food Analytical Methods, vol. 10, pp. 587–595, 2017.
13. [13] L. Núñez, E. Turiel, A. Martinesteban, and J. L. Tadeo, “Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Extraction of Parabens from Environmental Solid Samples Prior to Their Determination By High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection,” Talanta, vol. 80, pp. 1782–1788, 2010.
14. [14] A. De Rossi, and C. Desiderio, “Fast Capillary Electro Chromatographic Analysis of Parabens and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Drugs and Cosmetics,” Electrophoresis, vol. 23, pp. 3410–3417, 2002.
15. [15] H. Wang, V. Huang, H. Qian, R. Lu, S. Zhang, W. Zhou, H. Gao, D. and, J. Xu, “Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Reversed-Phase Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Triazine Herbicides in Edible Vegetable Oils,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1589, pp. 10-17, 2019.
16. [16] V. Andruch, L. Kocúrová, I.S. Balogh, and J. Škrlíková, “Recent Advances in Coupling Single-Drop and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction with UV–vis Spectrophotometry and Related Detection Techniques,” Microchemical Journal, vol. 102, pp. 1-10, 2012.
17. [17] P. Dualde, O. Pardo, S. F. Fernández, A. Pastor, and V. Yusà, “Determination of Four Parabens and Bisphenols A, F and S in Human Breast Milk Using QuEChERS and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1114, pp. 154-166, 2019.
18. [18] R. Rodriguez-Gomez, N. Dorival-Garcia, A. Zafra-Gomez, F. J. Camino-Sanchez, O. Ballesteros, and A. Navalon, “New Method for the Determination of Parabens and Bisphenol A in Human Milk Samples Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Clean-Up with Dispersive Sorbents Prior to UHPLC–MS/MS Analysis,” Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 992, pp. 47–55, 2015.
19. [19] A. Azzouz, A. J. Rascon, and E. Ballesteros, “Simultaneous Determination of Parabens, Alkylphenols, Phenylphenols, Bisphenol A and Triclosan in Human Urine, Blood and Breast Milk By Continuous Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 119, pp.16–26, 2016.
20. [20] M. Fotouhi, S. Seidi, M. Shanehsaz, and M.T. Naseri, “Magnetically Assisted Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion for Extraction of Parabens from Breast Milks,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1504, pp. 17–26, 2017.
21. [21] M. A. Farajzadeh, D. Djozan, and R.F. Bakhtiyari, “Use of A Capillary Tube for Collecting An Extraction Solvent Lighter Than Water After Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Its Application in the Determination of Parabens in Different Samples By Gas Chromatography—Flame Ionization Detection,” Talanta, vol. 81, pp. 1360-1367, 2010.
22. [22] L. Labat, E. Kummer, P. Dallet, and J. P. Dubost, “Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for the Determination of Parabens in A Cosmetic Product,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 23, pp. 763-769, 2000.
23. [23] E. Blanco, M. del Carmen Casais, M. del Carmen Mejuto, and R. Cela, “Combination of Off-Line Solid-Phase Extraction and On-Column Sample Stacking for Sensitive Determination of Parabens and P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Waters By Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis,” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 647, pp. 104-111, 2009.
24. [24] M. Wang, Q. Tan, L. Liu and J. Li, “A Low-Toxicity and High-Efficiency Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Separation of Aluminum Foil and Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 380, pp. 120846-120852, 2019.
25. [25] L. I. Tome, V. Baiao, W. da Silva, and C. M. Brett, “Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Production and Application of New Materials,” Applied Materials Today, vol. 10, pp. 30-50, 2018.
26. [26] D. Ge, Y. Wang, Q. Jiang, and E. Dai, “A Deep Eutectic Solvent as An Extraction Solvent to Separate and Preconcentrate Parabens in Water Samples Using in Situ Liquid-Liquid Microextraction,” Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, vol. 30, pp. 1203-1210, 2019.
27. [27] S. Sivrikaya, “A Novel Vortex-Assisted Liquid Phase Microextraction Method for Parabens in Cosmetic Oil Products Using Deep Eutectic Solvent,” International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 99, pp. 1575–1585, 2019.
28. [28] S. Sivrikaya Ozak, and Y. Yılmaz, “Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Solid-Liquid Microextraction of Sudan Dyes in Spice Samples,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 236, pp. 118353-118560, 2020.
29. [29] T. Khezeli, A. Daneshfar, and R. Sahraei, “A Green Ultrasonic-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent for the HPLC-UV Determination Offerulic, Caffeic and Cinnamic Acid from Olive, Almond, Sesame and Cinnamon Oil,” Talanta, vol. 150, pp. 577-585, 2016.
30. [30] C. Liu, D. Liu, X. Liu, X. Jing, F. Zong, P. Wang, and Z. Zhou, “Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Fish Oil,” New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 41, pp. 15105-15109, 2017.
31. [31] E. Ghasemi, and M. Sillanpää, “Ultrasound-Assisted Solid-Phase Extraction of Parabens from Environmental and Biological Samples Using Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as An Efficient and Regenerable Nanosorbent,” Microchimica Acta, vol. 186 pp. 622-628, 2019.
32. [32] Y.P. Silva, T.A. Ferreira, G. Jiao, and M.S. Brooks, “Sustainable Approach for Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Processing By-Product Using Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents,” Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 56, pp. 1649-1654, 2019.