Şeker Otu (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Bitkisinde Kuraklık Stresinin Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1165 - 1176, 31.07.2022

Vesile Yalçın Hülya Torun Engin Eroğlu Elmas Ülkühan Usta

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1109502

Öz

Kuraklık son yıllarda endişe verici bir şekilde artmakta olup tarımsal ürünlerin verimliliğini sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu durum, kurak koşullara dayanıklı bitkilerin tespit edilmesine yönelik araştırmaların önemini artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bitkisine ait iki çeşidin (Yalova ve STF-4) kuraklık stresi altında fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler kontrollü sera koşullarında 3 ay boyunca yetiştirilmiş ve sonrasında 3 hafta boyunca kuraklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Üç hafta sonunda hasat edilen bitkilerden yaprak uzunluğu, ozmotik potansiyel, nisbi su içeriği (RWC), klorofil floresansı (Fv/Fm), prolin miktarı, hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) miktarı ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyesi ölçülmüştür. S. rebaudiana bitkisinin her iki çeşidinde de kuraklık stresi altında kontrol grubundaki bitkiler ile kıyaslandığında yaprak uzunluğunda azalma belirlenirken en çok azalma Yalova çeşidinde (%25,7) saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, her iki çeşit de kuraklık stresi altında su durumlarını korumuşlardır. Fv/Fm değeri STF-4 çeşidinde kuraklıktan etkilenmezken Yalova çeşidinde kontrole oranla düşüş göstermiştir. Prolin miktarında ise çeşitler arasında fark kaydedilmiştir. Kurak koşullar altında STF-4 çeşidinde prolin miktarında değişim gözlenmezken Yalova çeşidinde %42,9 artış meydana gelmiştir. Diğer taraftan, kuraklık stresi, yapraklardaki lipid peroksidasyon seviyesini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu artış, Yalova çeşidinde %41,2 iken STF-4 çeşidinde %21,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. İki çeşit arasında kuraklık stresine karşı farklı tepki H2O2 içeriğinde gözlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi altında H2O2 miktarı Yalova çeşidinde %42,7 oranında azalırken STF-4 çeşidinde %5,5 artmıştır. Sonuç olarak, S. rebaudiana bitkisinin STF-4 çeşidinin ölçülen parametreler ışığında kuraklığa daha toleranslı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abiyotik stres, Kuraklık, Stevia rebaudiana, Şeker otu

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Düzce Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje no: 2019.02.01.970). Yazar VY, 100/2000 YÖK doktora bursiyeridir.

Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Drought Stress in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Öz

Drought has been limiting the productivity of agricultural crops by increasing alarmingly in recent years. This situation has increased the importance of research on the determination of plants resistant to arid conditions. In this study, two cultivars (Yalova and STF-4) of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant were investigated physiological and biochemical responses of under drought stress. Plants were grown in controlled greenhouse conditions for 3 months and then exposed to drought for 3 weeks. The plants harvested after three weeks were measured leaf length, osmotic potential, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), proline amount, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amount and lipid peroxidation level. In both cultivars of S. rebaudiana plant, when compared to the plants in the control group under drought stress, while a decrease in leaf length was detected, the highest decrease was found in Yalova cultivar (25.7%). However, both cultivars maintained their water status under drought stress. While Fv/Fm value was not affected by drought in STF-4 cultivar, Yalova cultivar decreased compared to the control. In the amount of proline was a difference between the cultivars. While STF-4 cultivar under arid conditions no change was observed in the amount of proline, increase of 42.9% occurred in Yalova cultivar. On the other hand, drought stress significantly increased the lipid peroxidation level in leaves. While this increase was 41.2% in Yalova cultivar, it was 21.1% in STF-4 variety. Differential response to drought stress between the two cultivars, was observed in H2O2 content. The amount of H2O2 under drought stress, while decreased by 42.7% in Yalova cultivar it increased by 5.5% in STF-4 variety. As a result, in the light of the measured parameters the STF-4 cultivar of S. rebaudiana plant was revealed that more drought tolerant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abiotic stress, Drought, Stevia rebaudiana, Stevia

Kaynakça

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