HUMAN RIGHTS IN EAST TURKESTAN: CURRENT VIOLATIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 44, 75 - 136, 30.06.2021

Osman Ercan Hakan Kolçak

Öz

This article examines many oppressive assimilation policies enforced by the communist Chinese regime in East Turkestan. According to the article, these repressive policies violate various negative rights that are recognised and set out by international, regional and domestic legal documents, such as the right to a fair trial, the freedom of religion, the freedom of expression, the freedom of peaceful assembly and the freedom of movement. It is asserted that numerous restrictions imposed by these policies render some positive rights almost impossible to exercise, e.g. the right to education, the right to protect and promote ethno-cultural identities and several economic rights. The article maintains that Turkey would play a key role in softening and, if possible, nullifying these policies. It suggests that Turkey would establish a Turkish consulate general in Urumqi, the capital of East Turkestan, enabling Turkey to identify and comprehend all human rights abuses locally. The article stands up for the establishment of representative offices by the cultural diplomacy agencies of Turkey in the Turkic-dominated cities of East Turkestan, e.g. Kashgar and Turpan. These offices would contribute to the diplomatic struggle for softening the assimilationist East Turkestan policy. All materials collected by these diplomatic entities would be utilised by the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey in the preparation of analytic and systematic reports on human rights breaches in East Turkestan. Such reports would then be brought forward to international platforms by Turkish diplomats. It would also be possible for these reports to be added to the agenda of bilateral discussions pursued with China. The communist regime, which wants to improve its global reputation, would not turn its back on all these reports and it would take the essential steps to soften the East Turkestan policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human rights, Uighurs, Turkic communities, East Turkestan, China

DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA İNSAN HAKLARI: GÜNCEL İHLALLER VE GELECEK BEKLENTİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, komünist Çin rejiminin Doğu Türkistan dahilinde uygulamayı sürdürdüğü baskıcı asimilasyon politikalarını incelemektedir. Söz konusu politikalar; adil yargılanma hakkı, din hürriyeti, ifade hürriyeti, barışçıl toplanma hürriyeti ve seyahat hürriyeti gibi uluslararası, bölgesel ve yerel hukuki kaynaklar tarafından tanınıp düzenlenen pek çok negatif hakkı ihlal etmektedir. Mevzu bahis politikaların ürünü olarak ortaya çıkan sayısız ölçüsüz sınırlandırma, pozitif haklar kapsamında sıralayabileceğimiz eğitim hakkı, etno-kültürel kimlikleri koruma ve geliştirme hakkı ile çeşitli ekonomik hakların kullanımını da neredeyse imkansız hale getirmektedir. Baskıcı politikaların yumuşatılması ve eğer mümkünse tamamen yürürlükten kaldırılması sürecinde Türkiye’nin etkin bir rol oynayabileceğini iddia eden çalışmamız, hak ihlallerini yerinde kavramak ve daha net anlamlandırabilmek için Doğu Türkistan’ın başkenti Urumçi’de bir Türk başkonsolosluğu açılmasını önermektedir. Çalışmamıza göre; Türkiye’nin kültürel diplomasi kurumları aracılığıyla Kaşgar ve Turfan gibi Türk kimliğini yansıtan Doğu Türkistan şehirlerinde açılacak olan temsilcilikler, bahsi geçen hak ihlallerine karşı yürütülen diplomatik mücadele sürecine katkı sunabilir. Diplomatik kurumlar marifetiyle elde edilen bilgilerin analitik ve sistematik raporlandırılmasının Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu tarafından tamamlanabileceğini ifade eden çalışmamız, söz konusu raporların Türk diplomatlar tarafından uluslararası platformlarda gündeme taşınabileceğini savunmaktadır. Çalışmamız, Çin ile yürütülen ikili görüşmelerde de dillendirilebilecek bu raporlara, küresel saygınlığını artırmak isteyen komünist rejimin duyarsız kalmayacağını ve Doğu Türkistan politikasının yumuşatılması için gerekli adımları atacağını iddia etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan hakları, Uygurlar, Türk toplulukları, Doğu Türkistan, Çin

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