Investigation of the Morpho-Physiological Effects of Bacillus Subtilis and Seaweed Extract on the Calendula Officinalis L. Plant

Öz

The study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis (Bcs) and seaweed extract (Dy) on the morphological, physiological, and color values of Calendula officinalis L. as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers in its cultivation. Conducted at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University under climate chamber conditions (23°C ± 2°C, 60–70% humidity) and using a randomized block design with three replicates, the study involved a total of 81 plants. The treatments included a control (distilled water), NPK (20-20-20 + trace elements, 3 g/L), Hoagland solution, Bcs (0.5, 1, 2 mL/L), and Dy (2, 4, 6 mL/L). At the end of the study, plant growth parameters (stem/root weight, stem/root length), certain physiological parameters (net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll), and color values were measured, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test. It was determined that the treatments caused statistically significant differences in all parameters except color parameters. Seaweed extract applications demonstrated results equivalent to or superior to the Hoagland solution in growth performance parameters such as leaf biomass, lateral shoot, and flower count. Bacillus subtilis applications, on the other hand, achieved the highest values in root architecture parameters such as root fresh/dry weight and length. This suggests that the bioactive components of Dy enhance above-ground biomass, while Bcs optimizes root development through its strong colonization of the root zone. Consequently, it has been determined that biostimulants offer a high-potential, targeted, and environmentally friendly fertilization strategy as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of C. officinalis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus subtilis
• Seaweed extract
• Calendula officinalis L.

Bacillus subtilis ve Deniz Yosunu Özütünün Calendula officinalis L. Bitkisinde Morfo-Fizyolojik Olarak Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Çalışma, Calendula officinalis L. yetiştiriciliğinde kimyasal gübrelere sürdürülebilir bir alternatif olarak Bacillus subtilis (Bcs) ve deniz yosunu özütünün (Dy) bitkinin morfolojik, fizyolojik ve renk değerleri üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, iklim odası koşullarında (23°C ± 2°C, %60-70 nem) ve tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü toplam 81 bitki üzerinde yürütülen çalışmada, kontrol (saf su), NPK (20-20-20+iz element, 3g/L-1), Hoagland çözeltisi, Bcs (0.5, 1, 2 ml/L-1) ve Dy (2, 4, 6 ml/L-1) olmak üzere dokuz farklı uygulama grubu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda bitki gelişim parametreleri (gövde/kök ağırlığı, gövde/kök uzunluğu), bazı fizyolojik parametreler (net fotosentez oranı, klorofil) ve renk değerleri ölçülmüş, veriler ANOVA ve Duncan testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Uygulamaların renk parametreleri hariç diğer parametreler üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Deniz yosunu özütü uygulamaları, yaprak biyokütlesi, yan dal ve çiçek sayısı gibi gelişim performans parametrelerinde Hoagland çözeltisine eşdeğer veya üstün sonuçlar sergilemiştir. Bacillus subtilis uygulamaları ise kök yaş/kuru ağırlığı ve uzunluğu gibi kök mimarisi parametrelerinde en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. Bu durum, Dy biyoaktif bileşenlerinin toprak üstü biyokütleyi geliştirdiğini, Bcs'nin ise kök bölgesindeki güçlü kolonizasyonu sayesinde kök gelişimini optimize ettiğini düşündürmektedir. Sonuç olarak, biyostimülantların C. officinalis yetiştiriciliğinde kimyasal gübrelere karşı yüksek potansiyelli, hedef odaklı ve çevre dostu bir besleme stratejisi sunduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus subtilis
• Deniz yosunu
• Calendula officinalis L.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma için herhangi bir dış finansman alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma insan veya hayvan katılımcıları içermemektedir. Tüm prosedürler bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup, atıfta bulunulan tüm çalışmalar uygun şekilde kaynak gösterilmiştir.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar herhangi bir kişi veya kuruma teşekkür etmek istememektedir.

Kaynakça

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