Kastamonu’da (Türkiye) Yetiştirilen Alabalıkların Gastrointestinal Sisteminde Mikroplastik Varlığı ve Kaynaklarının Kapsamlı İncelenmesi

Öz

Su ortamlarında mikroplastik (MPs) kirliliği, canlılar üzerindeki tehlikeleri nedeniyle dünya çapında endişelere yol açmıştır. İç sularda yetiştirilen kültür alabalıklarında mikroplastiklerin değerlendirilmesiyle ilgili çok az çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, alabalıkların gastrointestinal sistemindeki (GİS) mikroplastikleri, yem ve suyu olası maruz kalma kaynakları olarak değerlendirerek incelemiştir. Kastamonu’daki (Türkiye), beş farklı tesisten alınan yem, su örnekleri ve toplamda 100 alabalıktan (n=20) elde edilen GIS içeriğinde mikroplastiklerin yaygınlığı, yükü, rengi, uzunluğu ve polimer tipi değerlendirildi. Alabalıkların GİS içeriğinde ortalama mikroplastik yaygınlığı, 1.15 ± 0.36- 3.05 ± 1.57 MPs balık⁻¹ arasında değişmekteydi (p<0.05). Su ve yem örneklerindeki mikroplastik yaygınlığı sırasıyla 11.10 ± 1.25- 20.65 ± 1.63 MPs L⁻¹ ve 3.10 ± 1.30- 7.15 ± 1.42 MPs yem⁻¹ arasında bulundu (p<0.05). Su (%47,6-77.8) ve yem (%50-66,7) örneklerinde filament şekli baskın olup bunu fragment izlemiştir. Ancak GİS içeriğinde fragment (%44–60) daha yaygın olup bunu filament şekli takip etti. Su örneklerinde mikroplastiklerin çoğunluğu poliamid ve polietilenden oluşurken; yemde polipropilen ve polivinil stearat, GİS içeriğinde ise poliamid ve polietilen tereftalat tespit edildi. Yem ve GİS içeriği örneklerindeki MP konsantrasyonları arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar saptandı (p<0.001). Bu çalışma, Kastamonu’ daki alabalık yetiştiriciliği yapılan tesislerde su, yem ve balık GİS içeriğinde mikroplastik varlığını ortaya koymuş; ekolojik risklere ve azaltım stratejilerinin gerekliliğine dikkat çekmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alabalık
• GİS içeriği
• mikroplastik
• su
• yem

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012306081

Etik Beyan

Balık materyali, çiftliklerde satılan ölü balıklardan elde edildiği ve canlı insan veya hayvan denekler kullanılmadığı için etik kurul onayı gerekmemiştir.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, TÜBİTAK 2209-A programı (Proje No: 1919B012306081) kapsamında sağlanan destek için teşekkür eder.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Microplastic Occurrence and Sources in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Farmed Trout from Kastamonu, Türkiye.

Öz

Microplastic (MPs) pollution in aquatic environments has raised global concerns regarding its hazards to the biota. Few studies have assessed MPs in farmed trout reared in inland waters. This study evaluated MPs in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of trout, considering feed and water as potential exposure sources. We assessed the prevalence, burden, color, length, and polymer type of MPs in the GIT of 100 trout (n = 20 per location), as well as in feed and water samples from five locations in Kastamonu, Türkiye. The mean MPs abundance in trout GIT contents ranged from 1.15 ± 0.36 to 3.05 ± 1.57 MPs fish⁻¹ (p<0.05). MPs levels in water and feed samples ranged from 11.10 ± 1.25 to 20.65 ± 1.63 MPs L⁻¹ and 3.10 ± 1.30 to 7.15 ± 1.42 MPs kg⁻¹, respectively (p<0.05). Filaments-type MPs were dominant in water (47.6-77.8%) and feed (50-66.7%), followed by fragments. However, fragments had the highest GIT content (44–60%), followed by filaments. The majority of MPs were polyamide and polyethylene in water; polypropylene and polyvinyl stearate in feed; and polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate in GIT content. Significant correlations existed between MPs concentrations in feed and GIT content samples (p<0.001). This study demonstrated MPs presence in water, feed, and GIT content of trout farms in Kastamonu/Türkiye, highlighting ecological risks and the need for mitigation strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Feed
• GIT content
• microplastic
• trout farm
• water

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012306081

Etik Beyan

As the fish material was obtained from dead fish sold at farms and no live human or animal subjects were used, ethics committee approval was not required.

Teşekkür

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the TÜBİTAK 2209-A program (Project No. 1919B012306081).

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