Farelerde Metotreksat Kaynaklı İmmün Baskılanmada Chia Tohumu Yağının Dalak İmmün Hücre Belirteçleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Chia tohumu yağı (CSO), bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde düzenleyici etkiler gösterdiği bilinen alfa-linolenik asit (ALA) ve mirisetin, kuersetin, kaempferol ve kafeik asit dahil olmak üzere çeşitli antioksidan bileşikler açısından zengin bir kaynaktır. Yaygın olarak kullanılan bir antineoplastik ajan olan metotreksat (MTX), immünosupresyona neden olur. Bu çalışmada, metotreksat ile oluşturulan immünosupresyon modelinde CSO’nun dalaktaki bağışıklık hücre popülasyonları üzerindeki immünmodülatör etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yirmi bir adet erkek Balb/c fare rastgele kontrol, MTX ve MTX+CSO gruplarına ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna standart diyet uygulanırken, MTX grubuna tek doz 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal olarak verildi. MTX+CSO grubuna ise tek doz 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal olarak uygulandıktan sonra 7 gün boyunca 4 mL/kg CSO oral gavaj yoluyla verildi. Tüm hayvanlar 8. günde ötenazi edildi ve dalak dokuları histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal olarak CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ ve CD68+ hücre belirteçleri açısından incelendi. Gruplar arasında dalak dokularında anlamlı bir histopatolojik değişiklik gözlenmezken, immün hücre belirteçlerinin ekspresyonunda anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edildi. MTX uygulaması, kontrol grubuna kıyasla CD4+, CD8+ ve CD68+ hücre popülasyonlarında azalmaya neden olurken, CSO uygulaması bu düzeyleri anlamlı şekilde yeniden artırdı. Özellikle, MTX+CSO grubunda CD4+ hücre ekspresyonunun kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, CSO uygulaması sonrasında CD20+ hücre ekspresyonunda belirgin bir artış gözlendi. Bu bulgular, CSO’nun dalakta T lenfositleri (CD4+, CD8+), B lenfositleri (CD20+) ve makrofaj (CD68+) popülasyonlarını artırarak MTX kaynaklı immünosupresyonu iyileştirdiğini göstermekte olup, kemoterapiye bağlı immün baskılanmaya karşı potansiyel doğal bir immünmodülatör ajan olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chia tohumu yağı
• Dalak
• İmmünohistokimya
• Metotreksat

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmamız herhangi bir finansman desteği almadı.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmamız, Adana Veterinerlik Kontrol Enstitüsü Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu'nun 16 Eylül 2025 tarihli ve 2025-4/527 numaralı izniyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Effect of Chia Seed Oil on Spleen İmmune Cell Markers in Methotrexate-İnduced İmmunosuppression in Mice

Öz

Chia seed oil (CSO) is a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and various antioxidant compounds, including myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and caffeic acid, which are known to exert immunomodulatory effects. Methotrexate (MTX), a commonly used antineoplastic agent, causes immunosuppression. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of CSO on splenic immune cell populations in a methotrexate-induced immunosuppression model. Twenty-one male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control, MTX, and MTX+CSO groups. The control group received a standard diet, while the MTX group was administered a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg MTX. The MTX+CSO group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg MTX, followed by 4 mL/kg CSO via oral gavage for 7 days. All animals were euthanized on day 8, and spleen tissues were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and CD68+ cell markers. No significant histopathological alterations were observed in spleen tissues among the groups; however, significant differences were detected in immune cell marker expression. MTX administration reduced CD4+, CD8+, and CD68+ cell populations compared to the control group, whereas CSO treatment significantly restored these levels. Notably, CD4+ cell expression in the MTX+CSO group exceeded that of the control group. Additionally, CD20+ cell expression showed a marked increase following CSO administration. These findings indicate that CSO ameliorates MTX-induced immunosuppression by enhancing splenic T lymphocyte (CD4+, CD8+), B lymphocyte (CD20+), and macrophage (CD68+) populations, suggesting its potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent against chemotherapy-induced immune suppression.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chia seed oil
• Immunohistochemistry
• Methotrexate
• Spleen

Destekleyen Kurum

Our research did not receive any funding.

Etik Beyan

Our research was carried out with the permission of the Adana Veterinary Control Institute Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee, dated September 16, 2025, and numbered 2025-4/527.

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