Kanatlılarda Gonadların Gelişimi ve Testisin Fonksiyonel Histolojisi

Öz

Canlı neslinin sürekliliği üreme fonksiyonu ile sağlanır. Bu fonksiyonu gerçekleştiren organlara ise üreme organları adı verilir. Üreme ile ilgili fonksiyonları yerine getiren ve seks hormonlarını salgılayan organların oluşturduğu sisteme de üreme sistemi denir. Kanatlı hayvanların üreme sistemi memelilere göre daha basit olup önemli farklılıklar içermektedir. Kanatlılarda erkek üreme sistemi bir çift testis, küçük epididimisler, direkt kloakaya açılan uzun ve kıvrımlı duktus deferensler ve penis karşılığı bir organ olan fallus bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca kanatlı hayvanlarda erkek genital bezler bulunmamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanatlı,histoloji,testis

Kaynakça

1. 1. Halldin K, Axelsson J, Brunström B. (2005). Effects of endocrine modulators on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in male Japanese quail. Brain Res Bull. 65 (3): 211-8.
2. 2. Lintelmann J, Katayama A, Kurihara N, Shore C, Wenzel A. (2003). Endocrine disruptors in the environment. Pure Appl Chem. 75 (5): 631-81.
3. 3. Brunström B, Axelsson J, Mattsson A, Haldin K. (2009). Effects of estrogens on sex differentiation in Japanese quail and chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 163 (1-2): 97-103.
4. 4. Shimada K. (2002). Sex determination and sex differentiation. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews. 13 (1): 1-14.
5. 5. Berg C, Halldin K, Fridolfsson AK, Brandt I, Brunström B. (1999). The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol on sex organ develop. Sci Total Environ. 233 (1-3): 57-66.
6. 6. Nakabayashi O, Kikuchi H, Kikuchi T, Mizuno S. (1998). Differential expression of genes for aromatase and estrogen receptor during the gonadal development in chicken embryos. J Mol Endocrinol. 20 (2): 193-202.
7. 7.Intarapat S, Satayalai O. (2014). Microanatomical study of embryonic gonadal development in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Anat Res Int. 2014: 1-9.
8. 8.Smith CA, Sinclair AH. (2004). Sex determination: insights from the chicken. Bioessays. 26 (2): 120-32.

9. 9.Chang GB, Chen R, Qin Y, et al. (2012). The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and testis in the quail embryo. Pakistan Vet J. 32 (1): 88-92.
10. 10. Lambeth LS, Raymond CS, Roeszler KN, et al. (2014). Over-expression of DMRT1 induces the male pathway in embryonic chicken gonads. Dev Biol. 389 (2): 160-72.
11. 11.Halldin K. (2005). Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in Japanese quail. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 29 (2): 420-9.
12. 12. Kirby J, Froman D. (2000). Reproduction in Male Birds. (Alınmıştır) Sturkie's Avian Physiology. G Whittow (editör). s. 597-615. Acedemic Press, Hawaii.
13. 13. Van Krey H, 1993. Reproductive Biology in Relation to Breeding and Genetics. (Alınmıştır) Poultry Breeding and Genetics. R Cramford (editör). s. 61-87. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
14. 14. Hodges RD. (1974). The histology of the fowl. s. 300-325, Academic Press, London.
15. 15. Kahvecioğlu O, Çalışlar T. (2002). Ürogenital ve Endokrin Sistemi. (Alınmıştır) Evcil Kuşların Anatomisi. N Dursun (editör). s. 103-28. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
16. 16.Okpe GC, Nwatu U, Anya K. (2010). Morphometric study of the testes of the Nigerian local breed of chicken. Anim Res Int. 7 (2): 1163-8.
17. 17. Birkhead TR, Fletcher F, Pellatt EJ. (1998). Testes asymmetry, condition and sexual selection in birds: an experimental test. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 265: 1185-9.
18. 18. Elbajory SIA, El Tingari MD, Abdalla PA. (2013). Morphological study of the testis of adult Sudanese duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Int J Anim Veter Adv. 5 (3): 103-7.
19. 19.Vatsalya V, Arora KL. (2012). Allometric growth of testes in relation to age, body weight and selected blood parameters in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Int J Poult Sci. 11 (4): 251-8.
20. 20.Moller AP. (1994). Directional selection on directional asymmetry: testes size and secondary sexual characters in birds. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 258: 147-51.
21. 21.Kimball RT, Ligon JD, Merola-Zwartjes M. (1997). Testicular asymmetry and secondary sexual characters in red jungle fowl. The Auk. 114 (2): 221-28.
22. 22. Birkhead TR, Buchanan KL, Devoogd TJ, et al. (1997). Song, sperm quality and testes asymmetry in the sedge warbler. Anim Behav. 53 (5): 965–71.
23. 23.Frey R, Goymann W. (2009). A single functional testis and long deferent duct papillae: the peculiar male reproductive tract of the classically polyandrous, sex-role reversed Black Coucal (Centropus grillii). J Ornithol. 150 (4): 827-38.
24. 24. Mattsson A, Mura E, Brunström B, Panzica G, Halldin K. (2008). Selective activation of estrogen receptor alpha in Japanese quail embryos affects reproductive organ differentiation but not the male sexual behavior or the parvocellular vasotocin system. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 159 (2): 150-7.
25. 25. Razi M, Hasanzadeh S, Najafi G, et al. (2010). Histological and anatomical study of the White Rooster of testis, epididymis and ductus deferens. Int J Vet Res. 4 (4): 229-36.
26. 26.Erdoğan S, Kılınç M. (2009). Kuşlarda hava keselerinin (sacci pneumatici) morfolojisi ve fonksiyonel özellikleri. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2 (3): 51-56.
27. 27. Deviche P, Hurley LL, Fokidis HB. (2011). Avian testicular structure, function, and regulation. Hormones and Reproduction in Vertebrates. 4: 27-69.
28. 28. Al-Tememy H. (2010). Histological study of testis in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Al-Anbar J Vet Sci. 3(2): 36-44.
29. 29. Akbalik ME, Saruhan BG, Topaloğlu U, Ketani MA. (2016). Kanatlılarda Genital Sistem Histoljisi. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2 (5): 73-82.
30. 30. Banks FC, Knight GE, Calvert RC, et al. (2006). Smooth muscle and purinergic contraction of the human, rabbit, rat, and mouse testicular capsule. Biol Reprod. 74 (3): 473-80.
31. 31. Aire TA, Ozegbe P. (2007). The testicular capsule and peritubular tissue of birds: morphometry, histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. J Anat. 210 (6): 731-40.
32. 32. Arenas MI, Bethencourt FR, Fraile B, Paniagua R. (1997). Immunocytochemical and quantitative study of the tunica albuginea testis in young and ageing men. Histochem Cell Biol. 107 (6): 469-77.
33. 33. Aire TA. (1997). The structure of the interstitial tissue of the active and resting avian testis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 64: 291-9.
34. 34. Nicholls TJ, Graham GP. (1972). Observations on the ultrastructure and differentiation of Leydig cells in the testis of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Biol Reprod. 6: 179-92.
35. 35. Wei L, Peng KM, Liu H, et al. (2011). Histological examination of testicular cell development and apoptosis in the ostrich chick. Turk J Vet and Anim Sci. 35 (1): 7-14.
36. 36.Ergün L. (2011). Erkek Genital Sistem. (Alınmıştır) Veteriner Özel Histoloji. A Özer (editör). s. 251-68. Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
37. 37.González-Morán MG, Guerra-Araiza C, Camposb MG, Camacho-Arroyo I. (2008). Histological and sex steroid hormone receptor changes in testes of immature, mature, and aged chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 35 (4): 371–79.
38. 38. Rosenstrauch A, Degen AA, Friedlander M. (1994). Spermatozo are tention by sertoli cells during the decline in fertility in aging roosters. Biol Reprod. 50: 129-36.