Clinical, Histopathological and Parasitological Evaluation of Coenurus cerebralis Infecting Domesticated and Wild Ruminants from Kars Province, Turkey

Abstract

In our study, we aimed to present the cases of Coenurus cerebralis in domesticated and wild ruminants. The material of this study consisted of eight sheep, six mountain goats and three cattle admitted to the Department of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Kafkas University, between 2016 and 2019, for necropsy. The animals presented various neurological symptoms, including rotation around their axis, opistotonus, loss of coordination, unilateral blindness and torticollis. Subsequently, routine systemic necropsy was performed. After routine tissue procedures, 5 μm thick sections were taken from paraffin blocks prepared for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Sections were examined under light microscope to determine the histopathologic changes. In conclusion, the cases were diagnosed with Coenurus cerebralis, in the light of clinical, histopathological and parasitological findings. In three of the six goats, in addition to these parasitic cysts, Oestrus ovis larvae were detected in the frontal sinus. Oestrus ovis larvae were also observed in three of the eight sheep.   

Keywords

• Coenurus cerebralis
• cattle
• mountain goats
• sheep

Kars İlindeki Coenurus cerebralis ile enfekte olan Evcil ve Yaban Ruminantların Klinik, Histopatolojik ve Parazitolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Çalışmamızda yerli ve yabani ruminantlarda gözlenen Coenurus cerebralis vakalarını sunmayı amaçladık. Bu çalışmanın materyali, 2016 ve 2019 yılları arasında, nekropsisi yapılmak üzere Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı'na kabul edilen sekiz koyun, altı dağ keçisi ve üç sığır oluşturdu. Hayvanlarda, ekseni etrafında dönme, opistotonus, koordinasyon kaybı, tek taraflı körlük ve tortikollis gibi çeşitli nörolojik semptomlar gözlendi. Hayvanların sistemik nekropsisi yapıldı. Rutin doku takip işlemlerinden sonra, Hematoksilen Eosin boyaması için hazırlanan parafin bloklardan 5 μm kalınlığında kesitler alındı. Histopatolojik değişiklikleri belirlemek için kesitler ışık mikroskobu altında incelendi. Sonuç olarak olgulara klinik, histopatolojik ve parazitolojik bulgular ışığında Coenurus cerebralis tanısı kondu. Altı keçiden üçünde, bu parazitik kistlere ek olarak, frontal sinüste Oestrus ovis larvaları tespit edildi. Sekiz koyunun üçünde de Oestrus ovis larvaları gözlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coenurus cerebralis
• dağ keçisi
• koyun
• sığır

Kaynakça

1. Referans1. Bıyıkoğlu G, Doğanay A. (1998). Deneysel Olarak Enfekte Kuzularda Coenurus cerebralis’e Praziquantel ve Albendazol’ün Etkisi. Turk J Vet Anim. Sci., 22: 43-48.
2. Referans2. Gökpınar S, Yıldız K. (2012). Klinik Bakımdan Sağlıklı Görünümlü Koyunlarda Coenurosisin Yaygınlığı. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(): A187-A191.
3. Referans3. Oruç E, Uslu U. (2006). Coenurus cerebralis Şüpheli Koyunlarda Karşılaştırmalı Sitopatolojik ve Histopatolojik Çalışmalar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 30(4): 285-288.
4. Referans4. Uslu U, Akalin PP, Şahin EY, Altunok V. (2011). Some biochemical parameters in yearling sheep naturally infected with Coenurus cerebralis. Fresen Environ Bull. 20(2): 411-414.
5. Referans5. Aslan Celik B, Yildirim S, OY Celik, Irak K, Akgul G. (2018). Cerebral Coenurosis in a Boer x Hair Goat: Certain Hematological, Biochemical and Pathological Findings. IOSR-JAVS. 11(12): 47-53.
6. Referans6. Dönmez N, Keskin E. (2007). Coenurus cerebralis ve Oestrus ovis ile Enfekte Koyunlarda Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler. Vet Bil Derg. 23(1): 107-109.
7. Referans7. Gökçe E, Beytut E, Taşcı GT, et al. (2013). An Outbreak of Coenurosis in A Cattle Farm. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 19 (Suppl-A): A199-A202.
8. Referans8. Güçlü F, Uslu U, Özdemir Ö. (2006). Bir Koyunda Coenurus cerebralis’in Neden Olduğu Bilateral Kemik Perforasyonu: Olgu Sunumu. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 30(4): 282-284.

9. Referans9. Gül Y, İssi M, Özer S. (2007). Oestrosis ve Coenurosis’e Bağlı Olarak Epileptoit Nöbet Gösteren Bir Koyun Sürüsünde Klinik ve Patolojik Gözlemler. F Ü Sağ Bil Derg. 21(4): 173 – 177.
10. Referans10. Altaş MG. (2013). Taeniasis (Coenurus cerebralis). (İçinde): Veteriner Hekimliğinde Parazit Hastalıkları. Özcel MA (Editör). No:24. s. 993-997, Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, İzmir, Türkiye
11. Referans11. Dönmez N, Uslu U, Atalay B. (2006). Coenurus cerebralis ve Oestrus ovis ile Enfekte Koyunlarda Bazı Hematolojik Parametreler. Vet Bil Derg. 22(3-4): 75-77.
12. Referans12. Gıcık Y, Kara M, Arslan MÖ. (2007). Prevalence Of Coenurus Cerebralis in Sheep in Kars Province, Turkey. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 51: 379-382.
13. Referans13. Ozmen O, Sahinduran S, Haligur M, Sezer K. (2005). Clinicopathologic observations on Coenurus cerebralis in naturally infected sheep. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 147(3): 129-134.
14. Referans14. Yaşar A, Sinmez ÇÇ, Aslım G. (2015). İç Anadolu Bölgesi Konya Bölümü Folklorunda Ruminantların Paraziter Hastalıkları ve Tedavi Yöntemleri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 21(1): 1-7.
15. Referans15. Avcioglu H, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, et al. (2011). Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine coenurosis from Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol. 176(1): 59-64.
16. Referans16. Oge H, Oge S, Gonenc S B, Ozbakis G, Asti C. (2012). Coenurosis in the lumbar region of a goat: a case report. Vetmed. 57(6): 308–313.
17. Referans17. Yilmaz R, Yumusak N, Yilmaz B, Ayan A, Aysul N. (2018). Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and parasitological studies on pathogenesis of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep. J Vet Res. 62(1): 35–41.
18. Referans18. Afonso SMS, Mukaratirwa S, Hajovska K, Capece BPS, Cristofol C, Arboix M, Neves L. (2011). Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Taenia multiceps Cysts (Coenurus Cerebralis) from Abattoir-Slaughtered and Experimentally Infected Goats. J Neuroparasitology. 2: 1-5.
19. Referans19. Desouky EA, Badawy AI, Refaat RA. (2011). Survey on coenurosis in sheep and goats in Egypt. Vet Ital. 47(3): 333-340.
20. Referans20. Nourani H, Pirali Kheirabadi K. (2009). Cerebral coenurosis in a goat: pathological findings and literature review. Comp Clin Pathol. 18(1): 85–87.
21. Referans21. Amer S, ElKhatam A, Fukuda Y. (2017). Prevalence and Identity of Taenia multiceps cysts "Coenurus cerebralis" in Sheep in Egypt. Acta Trop. 176: 270-276.
22. Referans22. Godara R, Katoch R, Yadav A, Khajuria JK, Borkataki S. (2011). Coenurosis in Small Ruminants: An Overview. Veterinary practitioner. 12(1): 102-105.
23. Referans23. Guo C, Xie Y, Liu Y, et al. (2018). Molecular Characterization of Annexin B2, B3 and B12 in Taenia multiceps. Genes. 9(11): 1-14.
24. Referans24. Farjani Kish G, Khodakaram-Tafti A, Hajimohammadi A, Ahmadi N. (2015). Clinical and morphopathological characteristics of an enzootic occurrence of acute coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in a sheep herd. J Parasit Dis. 39(2): 280-283.
25. Referans25. Akbari M, Moazeni M, Oryan A, Sharifiyazdi H, Amrabadi O. (2015). Experimental cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis in goats: A comparative study on the morphological and molecular characteristics of the parasite. Vet Parasitol. 211(3-4): 201-207.
26. Referans26. Amrabadi O, Oryan A, Moazeni M, Sharifiyazdi H, Akbari M. (2015). Comparison of cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis by genetic markers of glycolytic enzyme (enolase) and mitochondrial sequences in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol. 214(3-4): 333-336.
27. Referans27. Gururaj K, Pawaiya RS, Gangwar NK, et al. (2019). Comparative molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis in Indian goats. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 15: 100266.
28. Referans28. Sönmez B. (2015). Mardin Yöresindeki Koyunlarda Coenurus Cerebralis’in Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s. 4-5, Elazığ.
29. Referans29. Abera S, Wubit T, Nejash A. (2016). Cerebral Coenurosis in Small Ruminants: A Review. J Anim Sci Adv. 6(3): 1595-1608.
30. Referans30. Amer S, ElKhatam A, Fukuda Y. (2018). Clinical, pathological, and molecular data concerning Coenurus cerebralis in Sheep in Egypt. Data Brief, 16: 1-9.
31. Referans31. Schuster RK, Sivakumar S, Wieckowsky T. (2010). Non-cerebral coenurosis in goats. Parasitol Res. 107(3): 721-726.
32. Referans32. Schuster RK, Sivakumar S, Wieckowsky T, Reiczigel J. (2015). Abattoir survey on extra-cerebral coenurosis in goats. Helminthologia. 52(4): 303-309.
33. Referans33. Varcasia A, Jia WZ, Yan HB, et al. (2012). Molecular characterization of subcutaneous and muscular coenurosis of goats in United Arab Emirates. Vet Parasitol. 190(3-4): 604-607.
34. Referans34. Abbas IE, Elbeskawy M. (2016). Molecular and Phylogenetic Status of Coenurus cerebralis Infecting Sheep from Dakahlia Province, Egypt. The Journal of Advances in Parasitology, 3(4): 117-124.
35. Referans35. Ioannidou E, Psalla D, Papadopoulos E, et al. (2015): Regurgitations in a Lamb with Acute Coenurosis- A case Report. Iran J Parasitol. 10(2): 301-305.
36. Referans36. Soundararajan C, Sivakumar T, Balachandran C. (2017). Coenurus cerebralis and its pathology in an organized farm of Tamil Nadu. J Parasit Dis. 41(2): 510-513.
37. Referans37. Rostami S, Salavati R, Beech RN, et al. (2013). Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 12S ribosomal RNA characterization of Coenurus cerebralis from sheep in Iran. Vet Parasitol. 197(1-2): 141-151.
38. Referans38. Tavassoli M, Malekifard F, Soleimanzadeh A, Tajik H. (2011). Prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep in Northwest of Iran. VRF. 2(4): 274 – 276.
39. Referans39. Zhang Y, Zhao W, Yang D, et al. (2018). Genetic characterization of three mitochondrial gene sequences of goat/sheep-derived coenurus cerebralis and cysticercus tenuicollis isolates in Inner Mongolia, China. Parasite, 25:1.
40. Referans40. Haridy M, Sakai H, El-Nahass el-S, et al. (2013). Coenurus cerebralis cysts in the left lateral cerebral ventricle of a ewe. J Vet Med Sci. 75(12): 1643-1646.
41. Referans41. Avcioglu H, Terim Kapakin KA, Yildirim A. (2012). Clinical, morphological and histopathological features of bovine coenurosis: case reports. 163(6): 295-298.
42. Referans42. Yılmaz R, Özyıldız Z, Yumuşak N. (2014). Koyunlarda Coenurus cerebralis’in Patomorfolojik Bulguları. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 3(2): 73-77.
43. Referans43. Uslu U, Guclu F. (2007). Prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep in Turkey. Medycyna Wet. 63(6): 678-680.
44. Referans44. Tigin Y. (1970). Multiceps multiceps Leske, 1780 (Hall, 1910)’in biyolojisi ve morfolojisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 17(2): 114-135.
45. Referans45. Miran MB, Nzalawahe J, Kassuku AA, Swai ES. (2015). Prevalence of coenurosis in sheep and goats at three slaughter slabs in Ngorongoro District, Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod. 47(8): 1591-1597.
46. Referans46. Oryan A, Akbari M, Moazeni M, Amrabadi OR. (2014). Cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis in small ruminants. Trop Biomed. 31(1): 1-16.
47. Referans47. Batista FA, Pizzigatti D, Martins CF, et al. (2010). First report of coenurosis in sheep in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 19(4): 265-267.
48. Referans48. Hobbenaghi R, Tavassoli M, Nazarizadeh A. (2014). Early stage of acute coenurosis in Iranian native sheep- case report. Iran J Parasitol. 9(4): 588-593.
49. Referans49. Anwar S, Mahdy E, El-Nesr KA, et al. (2013): Monitoring of parasitic cysts in the brains of a flock of sheep in Egypt. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 22(3): 323-330.
50. Referans50. Li WH, Qu ZG, Zhang NZ, et al. (2015). Molecular characterization of enolase gene from Taenia multiceps. Res Vet Sci. 102: 53-58.
51. Referans51. Gazioglu A, Simsek S, Kizil O, et al. (2017). Clinical, pathological and molecular evaluations and CT scan screening of coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in sheep and calves. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 26(1): 3-9.
52. Referans52. Özkan C, Yildirim S, Kaya A. (2011). Clinical Coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) and Associated Pathological Findings in a Calf. Pak Vet J. 31(3): 263-266.
53. Referans53. Guo C, Wang Y, Huang X, et al. (2017): Molecular cloing and bioinformatics analysis of lactate dehydrogenase from Taenia multiceps. Parasitol Res. 116(10): 2845-2852.
54. Referans54. Shiferaw A, Abdela N. (2016). Public Health and Economic Significance Cerebral Coenurosis in Sheep and Goat: A Review. APG. 7(2): 54-65.
55. Referans55. Doğanay A, Öge S. (1997). Check List of the Helminths of Sheep and Goats in Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 3(1): 97-114.
56. Referans56. Akkaya H, Vurusaner C. (1998). The prevalence of Coenuriasis cerebralis in calves and sheep slaughtered in Istanbul. Acta Parasitol Turcica, 22: 320-324.
57. Referans57. Bıyıkoğlu G, Bağcı Ö, Öncel T. (2001). İstanbul’da bir Koyun Sürüsünde Ortaya Çıkan Coenurosis Olgusu. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 22(1-2): 320-324.
58. Referans58. Arslan MÖ, Kara M, Temur A, Altun SK, Küçükkalem ÖF. (2008). Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi çiftlik hayvanlarında paraziter hastalıkların değerlendirilmesi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 14(1): 31-35.
59. Referans59. Kaymak K, Sarıözkan S (2016). Socio-Economic Structure and Production Costs of Sheep Breeding Enterprises in Korkut District of Muş. Van Vet J. 27(3): 141-146.
60. Referans60. Acıöz M. (2018). Isparta Bölgesinden Konya Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne Gönderilen Numunelerin Parazitolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 29(1): 36-39.