Investigation of Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Tongue by Morphometric and Scanning Electron Microscopic Methods

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 8 - 12, 30.06.2019

Tuba Damla Ertaş , Serkan Erdoğan

Öz

The aim of this study
was to investigate the morphology of the tongue which plays an important role
in the digestive and sensory system. The tongues of 20 female broilers were
examined in this study. Tongues extracted after dissection were fixed in
glutaraldehyde and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photographed.
Also, morphometric measurements were performed. Macroscopically, the chicken
tongue was triangular, ended with a sharp tip and adapted to the lower bill. It
is composed of three parts; apex, body and radix of the tongue. The row of
conical papillae (papillary crest) which organized as “V” shape was seen
between the lingual body and radix. There were larger conical papillae on both
lateral sides of this papillary crest. 2-6 huge conical set of papillae were
observed in just the caudal of these larger conical papillae. Numerous orifices
of microscopic salivary glands were observed in the radix of the tongue. There
was no mechanical papilla on the body of the tongue. The tip of the tongue was
very sharp and highly keratinized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomy, SEM, poultry, tongue

Tavuk (Gallus domesticus) Dilinin Morfometrik ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobik Yöntemlerle İncelenmesi

Öz

Sindirim ve duyu sisteminde önemli rol oynayan
dilin morfolojik olarak incelenmesi amaçlandı. 20 dişi yetişkin broyler bu
çalışma için kullanıldı. Diseksiyon sonrası çıkarılan diller glutaraldehit
içinde tespit edilerek taramalı elektron mikroskobu altında gözlendi ve
fotoğraflandı. Makroskobik olarak tavuk dilinin üçgen şeklinde olduğu, sivri
bir uçla bittiği ve formunun alt gagaya uyum sağladığı görüldü. Apex, corpus ve
radix lingua olmak üzere 3 bölümden oluştuğu izlendi. Dil üzerinde corpus ve
radix arasında “V” harfi formunda organize olmuş konikal papilla sırası
görüldü. Bu sıranın her iki lateral kenarında daha iri konikal papillalar
bulunmaktaydı. Bu iri konikal papillaların hemen caudal’inde iki ya da üçlü
konikal papilla kümeleri görüldü. Dilin kök bölgesinde mikroskobik tükrük
bezlerinin çok sayıda akıtıcı kanal delikleri izlendi. Dil gövdesinde belirgin
bir mekanik papilla görülmedi. Ancak, median bir oluk dikkat çekti. Dilin uç
kısmı oldukça sivri olup, son derece keratinize bir yapıya sahipti.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomi, dil, SEM, kanatlı

Kaynakça

• 1. Iwasaki S. (2002). Evolution of the Structure and Function of the Vertebrate Tongue. J Anat. 201: 1–13.
• 2. Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, Iwasaki S, Meyer W. (2011). Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat Rec. 294: 1574–1584.
• 3. Erdoğan S, Pérez W. (2015). Anatomical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Southern Lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool. 96(2): 264-272.
• 4. Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Kwiecinski Z, Trzcielinska-Lorych J, Godynicki S. (2010). Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). Zool Sci. 27: 589–594.
• 5. Erdoğan S, Iwasaki S. (2014). Function-related Morphological Characteristics and Specialized Structures of the Avian Tongue. Ann Anat. 196: 75–87.
• 6. Jackowiak H, Godynicki S. (2005). Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the White Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetusalbicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat. 187: 251–259.
• 7. Skieeresz-Szewczyk K, Prozorowska E, Jackowiak H. (2012). The Development of the Tongue of the Domestic Goose from 9th To 25th Day of Incubation as Seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 75: 1564–1570.
• 8. Iwasaki S, Kobayashi K. (1986). Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopical Studies on the Lingual Dorsal Epithe-lium of Chickens. Acta Anat Nippon. 61: 83–96.
• 9. Homberger DG, Meyers RA. (1989). Morphology of the Lingual Apparatus of the Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) with Special Attention to the Structure of the Fasciae. Am J Anat. 186: 217–257.
• 10. Iwasaki S, Tomoichiro A, Akira C. (1997). Ultrastructural Study of the Keratinization of the Dorsal Epithelium of the Tongue of Middendorff’s Bean Goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anse-res, Anatidae). Anat Rec. 247: 149–163.
• 11. Erdogan S, Alan A. (2012). Gross Anatomical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Oropharyngeal Cavity in the European Magpie (Pica pica) and the Common Raven (Corvus corax). Microsc Res Tech. 75: 379–387.
• 12. Erdoğan S, Pérez W, Alan A. (2012a). Anatomical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigations of the Tongue and Laryngeal Entrance in the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech. 75: 1245–1252.
• 13. Erdoğan S, Sagsöz H, Akbalık ME. (2012b). Anatomical and Histological Structure of the Tongue and Histochemical Characteristics of the Lingual Salivary Glands in the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830). British Poultry Sci. 53 (3): 307–315.
• 14. Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. (2008a). SEM Studies on the Connective Tissue Cores of the Lingual Papillae of the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Acta Anat Nippon 83: 77–80.
• 15. Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. (2008b). Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the Peregrine Falcon and Common Kestrel. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 85: 11–15.
• 16. Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S. (2010). Fine Structu-re of the Dorsal Lingual Epithelium of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix). World Appl Sci. J 10: 1185–1189.
• 17. King AS, McLelland J. (1984). Birds – Their Structure and Func-tion. 2nd ed. Bail-liere Tindall, London, Philadelphia, Toronto, Mexico City, Rio de Janeira, Sydney, Tokyo, Hong Kong.
• 18. Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. (2009). Scanning Electron Mic-roscopic Study of the Tongue in the Japanese Pygmy Wood-pecker (Dendrocopos kizuki). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 86: 31–35.
• 19. Hassan SM, Moussa EA, Cartwright AL. (2010). Variations by Sex in Anatomical and Morphological Features of the Tongue of Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus). Cells Tissues Or-gans 191: 161–165.
• 20. Dehkordi RAF, Parchami A, Bahadoran S. (2010). Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the Zeb-ra Finch Carduelis Carduelis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Slovenian Vet Res. 47: 139–144.
• 21. Homberger DG, Brush AH. (1986). Functional-morphological and Biochemical Correlations of the Keratinized Structures in the African Grey Parrot, Pisttacus erithacus (Aves). Zoomorp-hol. 106: 103–114.
• 22. Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, Inatomi M, Asami T. (1998). Fine Structure of the Tongue and Lingual Papillae of the Penguin. Arch Histol Cytol. 61: 37–46.
• 23. Iwasaki S. (1992). Fine Structure of the Dorsal Lingual Epithe-lium of the Little Tern, Sterna albifrons Pallas (Aves, Lari). J Morphol. 212: 13–26.
• 24. Iwasaki S, Erdoğan S, Asami T. (2019). Evolutionary specializa-tion of the tongue in vertebrates: Structure and function. In: Feeding in Vertebrates – Evolution, Morphology, Behavior, Bi-omechanics. Bels V, Whishaw IQ (eds). 1st ed. pp. 350-355. Springer Nature, Switzerland.
• 25. El-Bakary NER. (2011). Surface Morphology of the Tongue of the Hoopoe (Upupa epops). J Am Sci. 7: 394–399.
• 26. Sağsöz H, Erdoğan S, Akbalik ME. (2013). Histomorphological Structure of the Palate and Histochemical Profiles of the Sali-vary Palatine Glands in the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830). Acta Zool. 94 (4): 382–391.
• 27. Nalavade MN, Varute AT. (1977). Histochemical Studies on the Mucins of the Vertebrate Tongues: XI. Histochemical Analysis of Mucosubstances in the Lingual Glands and Taste Buds of Some Birds. Acta Histochem. 60 (1): 18–31.
• 28. Gargiulo AM, Lorvik S, Ceccarelli P, Pedini V. (1991). Histologi-cal and Histochemical Studies on the Chicken Lingual Glands. British Poultry Sci. 32: 693–702.
• 29. Pasand AP, Tadjalli M, Mansouri H. (2010). Microscopic Study on the Tongue of Male Ostrich. Eur J Biol Sci. 2: 24–31.