Compost-Bedded Pack Barns

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 144 - 148, 31.12.2019

Romedi Çelik Berna Ersöz Kanay , Akın Koçhan

Öz

Compost-bedded pack barns (CBPB), generally known as compost dairy barns, are an alternative loose housing system that appears to offer an excellent level of comfort for dairy cows. Composting is an aerobic process. The continuous introduction of oxygen (air), carbon and nitrogen (through manure) and moisture control (new bedding) is required for success. Relies on aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter and produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat. In a compost bedded-pack barn, the manure and urine released by cattle and the added bedding provide the essential nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, moisture, and microorganisms) needed for the composting process. Ideally, the C:N ratio for a peak composting rate needs to be between 25:1 and 30:1. New bedding material, besides absorbing water, will also aid in achieving this ratio. Manure, urine, and microbial activity produce a pack’s source of moisture, which ideally should be between 45 -55%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bedded pack, compost barn, dairy cow, housing

Kompost Yekpare Yataklı Ahırlar

Öz

Kompost yekpare yataklı ahırlar (Compost-bedded pack barns; CBPB), süt sığırları için mükemmel bir konfor seviyesi sunan alternatif gevşek yataklı bir ahır sistemidir. Bu sistemde, sığırlarda laminitis ve topallık vakalarının serbest gezinmeli ahırlarda barındırılan sığırlara oranla daha az görüldüğü, sığırların doğal yatma davranışları ile sosyal etkileşimlerinin daha kolay gerçekleşebileceği bildirilmektedir. CBPB barınaklarında, hayvanların dinlendikleri sınırlı bireysel duraklar yerine geniş yataklı bir alan, duraklar ve komposta kaplanan yataklık söz konusudur. Compost yekpare yatak, ineklerin ürettiği dışkı ile idrar karışımını ve organik tabakalaşmayı ifade eden bir yataktır. Kompostlaştırma, aerobik bir işlemdir. Organik maddeyi parçalayarak karbondioksit, su ve ısı üretmek için aerobik mikroorganizmalar işlev görür. İdeal olarak, kompostlama için C: N (Karbon:Azot) oranı 25: 1 ile 30: 1 arasında olması gerekir. Başarılı olmak için oksijen, azot ve nem kontrolünün yapılması ve yeni yatak (altlık) malzemesinin sürekli eklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

altlık, barınak, kompost, süt sığırı

Kaynakça

• 1. Lobeck KM, Endres MI, Shane EM, Godden SM, Fetrow J. (2011). Animal Welfare in Cross Ventilated, Compost-Bedded Pack, and Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barns in the Upper Midwest. J Dairy Sci. 94: 5469-5479.
• 2. Galama PJ, Dooren van HJC, Eilers CHAM. (2012). Learning from Drivers and Conflicts Around Bedded Pack Barns. 10th Europen IFSA Symposium, Aarhus, Denmark, 2012-07-01/2012-07-04.
• 3. Leso L, Uberti M, Morshed W, Barbari M. (2013). A Survey of Italian Compost Dairy Barns. AJAE; 44(3): 120-124.
• 4. Ofner-Schröck E, Zähner M, Huber G, Guldimann K, Guggenberger T, Gasteiner J. (2015). Compost Barns for Dairy Cows—Aspects of Animal Welfare. OJAS, 5, 124-131.
• 5. Bewley JM, Taraba JL. (2009). Compost Bedded Pack Barns in Kentucky. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Extension Factsheet. ID-178. Lexington, KY.
• 6. Pilatti JA, Vieiran FMC. (2017). Environment, Behavior and Welfare Aspects of Dairy Cows Reared in Compost Bedded Pack Barns System. J Anim Behav Biometeorol. 5: 97-105.
• 7. Endres MI, Janni KA. (2017). Compost Bedded Pack Barns for Dairy Cows. Erişim: https://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/dairy/facilities/compost-bedded-pack-barns/ Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2017
• 8. Endres MI. (2017). Bedding Options for Dairy Cows. Erişim:https://wcds.ualberta.ca/Portals/138/Documents/Archive/2012/Manuscripts/Endres.pdf Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2017
• 9. Eckelkamp EA, Taraba JL, Akers KA, Harmon RJ, Bewley JM. (2016). Sand Bedded Freestall and Compost Bedded Pack Effects On Cow Hygiene, Locomotion, and Mastitis Indicators. Livest Sci. 190, 48–57.
• 10. Bechtel W. (2017). Get The Most Out of Compost. Erişim: https://www.agweb.com/article/get-the-most-out-of-compost/ Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2017
• 11. Eckelkamp EA, Taraba JL, Akers KA, Harmon RJ, Bewley JM. (2016). Understanding Compost Bedded Pack Barns: Interactions Among Environmental Factors, Bedding Characteristics, and Udder Health. Livest Sci 190,35–42.
• 12. Gay SW. (2009). Bedded-Pack Dairy Barns. Virginia cooperative extension publication 442-124. Erişim: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-124/442-124_pdf. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2017
• 13. Petzen J, Wolfanger C, Bonhotal J, Schwarz M, Terry T, Youngers N. Eagleview Compost Dairy Barn. Erişim:https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/44658. Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2017
• 14. Black R, Bewley J, Taraba J, Day G, Damasceno FA. (2013). Kentucky Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Project. Cooperative extension service, University of Kentucky, College of agriculture, Lexington, KY, USA.
• 15. Bewley J, Taraba J, Day G, Black R. (2012). Compost Bedded Pack Barn Design Features and Management Considerations. Cooperative extension service, University of Kentucky, College of agriculture, Lexington, KY, 40546.
• 16. Galama P. (2011). Prospects for bedded pack barns for dairy dattle. Wageningen UR Livestock Research Lelystad, 1-70.
• 17. Russelle MP, Blanchet KM, Randall GW, Everett LE. (2009). Characteristics and Nitrogen Value of Stratified Bedded Pack Dairy Manure. Erişim:www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/. Crop Manage. doi:10.1094/CM-2009-0717-01-RS. Erişim tarihi : 20.10.2017.
• 18. Black RA, Taraba JL, Day GB, Damasceno FA, Bewley JM. (2013). Compost Bedded Pack Dairy Barn Management, Performance, and Producer Satisfaction. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 8060–8074.
• 19. Black RA, Taraba JL, Day GB, et al. (2014). The Relationship Between Compost Bedded Pack Performance, Management, and Bacterial Counts. J. Dairy Sci. 97: 1–11. 20. Tyson J. (2013). Guidelines for Managing Compost Bedded-Pack Barns. The Dairy Practices Council. DPC-110.
• 21. Bewley J. (2009). Understanding Bedding Materials for Compost Bedded Pack Barn. Cooperative extension service, University of Kentucky, College of agriculture, Kentucky Dairy Notes, (859): 257-7543.
• 22. Fávero S, Portilho FVR, Oliveira ACR, Langoni H, Pantoja JCF. (2015). Factors Associated with Mastitis Epidemiologic Indexes, Animal Hygiene, And Bulk Milk Bacterial Concentrations in Dairy Herds Housed On Compost Bedding. Livest Sci. 181: 220-230.
• 23. Harold KH. (2017). Compost Bedding Pack Barns. Erişim:http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/engineer/facts/15-025.htm. Erişim tarihi: 24.10.2017.
• 24. Fávero S, Portilho FVR, Oliveira ACR, Langoni H, Pantoja JCF. (2015). Longitudinal Trends and Associations Between Compost Bedding Characteristics and Bedding Bacterial Concentrations. OJAS. 7(10): 58-70.