SOSYAL MEDYADA DİJİTAL AKTİVİST HARAKETLER ÜZERİNE KURAMSAL BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 753 - 783, 29.09.2017

Sinem Yeygel Çakır

https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.303261

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bilgi iletişim
teknolojilerinin etkisinde şekillenen günümüzün teknoloji merkezli iletişim
dünyasında, belirli toplumsal olaylara dikkat çekmek ve eylem planları
geliştirerek değişimleri sağlamak için çabalayan aktivist gruplar, sadece reel
ortamda varlıklarını devam ettiremeyecekleri gerçeğini görmektedirler. Bu durum
dijital aktivizm kavramının ortaya çıkmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir.
Dijital aktivizmde Web 2.0’ın etkisinde şekillenen kullanıcı merkezli sosyal
medya, aktivist gruplar için önemli bir varlık alanı, iletişim ve eylem merkezi
haline gelmekte ve reel ortamla eşgüdümlü olarak kullanılmaktadır. Web 2.0'ın
etkisinde temellenen kullanıcı merkezli bir paylaşım alanı haline gelen bilgi
iletişim teknolojilerindeki yeni yaklaşım, uzaklık baskısı ve zaman baskısı
olmadan ortak ilgileri ve amaçları etrafında insanların bir araya gelmesini
kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu süreçte dünyanın bir köşesinde yaşanan bir çevre
sorunu, bir olay çok kısa bir süre içinde dünya genelinde çok sayıda insanın
gündemine bir iki tıklama ile düşebilmekte, gündeme oturmakta, sanal ortam
üzerinden sosyal etkileşime dönüşebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada dijital aktivizm
kavramı ve sosyal medyanın dijital aktivizmde üstlendiği role yönelik kuramsal
alt yapıya yönelik yapılan literatür çalışmaları incelenerek kuramsal olarak bir
durum tespiti yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aktivizm, Dijital Aktivizm, İnternet, Sosyal Medya, Sosyal Ağlar

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON DIGITAL ACTIVIST MOVEMENTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Öz

In today’s technology-centered
communication world, shaped by the effects of information and communication
technologies, activist groups working to draw attention to certain social
events and to develop plans to secure changes understand that they must go
beyond the physical environment. This situation has led to the emergence of
digital activism concept. In digital activism, user-centered social media,
shaped by the effects of Web 2.0, has become an important realm of existence
and center of communication and action for activist groups. It
is now used in coordination with the physical environment. The new approach in
information and communication technologies, which has become a user-centered
sharing environment due to the effects of Web 2.0, facilitates the bringing
together of people around common interests and objectives, without the
pressures of distance and time. As a result, an environmental issue occurring
in one corner of the world can become the main topic of many other people’s
agenda world-wide within a very short period of time and with just a few
clicks. The virtual environment can thus be transformed into a social effect.
The study analyzes the literature studies which are conducted on theoretical
foundation concerning the concept of digital activism and the role of social
media in digital activism. Therefore the study aims to identify the situation
theoretically.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Activism, Digital Activism, Internet, Social Media, Social Networks

Kaynakça

• AHLQVIST, Toni; BÄCK, Asta; HALONEN, Minna; HEINONEN, Sirkka (2008). Social Media Roadmaps Exploring The Futures Triggered by Social Media, Finland: Julkaısıja Utgıvare Publısher.
• AKAR, Erkan (2006). Blogla Pazarlama Pazarlamanın Yeni Silahı, İstanbul: TİEM Eğitim Danışmanlık, Yayıncılık.
• BRASHERS, Dale E.; HAAS, Stephen M.; NEIDIG, Judith L.; RINTAMAKI, Lance S. (2002). “Social Activism, Self-advocacy and Coping with HIV Illness”, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 19(1), p.113-133.
• BUCCILLI, David (2011). “Activism Changed by Facebook Twitter”, The Michigan Daily, Thursday, February, 10, 2011, p.1.
• CAMMAERTS, Bart (2007). Activism and Media, (Editörler), Bart Cammaerts ve Nico Carpentier Reclaiming The Media, Intellect Ltd., p:217-224
• CANNON, Lisa (2001). Section Four: The Internet Activism Getting Involved While Sitting Still, http://fbeedle.com/technote/n03-01/activist/activist.pdf, p:1-6, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2011.
• CONSIDINE, Sarah (2003). "Homepage: Internet Activism and Women”, Field: A Free Journal for Architecture, 3(1), p.133-141.
• CUSUMANO, Michael A. (April 2011). “Technology Strategy and Management Platform Wars Come to Social Media”, Communications of The ACM, 54 (4), p.31-33.
• FIELD, John (2008). Sosyal Sermaye, (Çev: Bahar Bilgen ve Bayram Şen), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• FOGG, B. J. (2008). Mass Interpersonal Persuasion: An Early View of a New Phenomenon, http://www.bjfogg.com/mip.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22 Mayıs 2010.
• JACOBS, David (2005). Internet Activism and the Democratic Emergency in the U.S., Eohemera Theory&Politics in Organization, 5(1), p.68-77.
• JANSEN, Fieke (2010). "Digital Activism in the Middle East: Mapping Issue Networks in Egypt", Iran, Syria and Tunisia, Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 6(1), p.37-52.
• KAHN, Richard ve KELLENER, Douglas (2004). “New Media and Internet Activism: From The ‘Battle of Seattle’ to Blogging”, New Media and Society, Vol:6(1), p.87-95.
• KANE, Gerald C.; FICHMAN, Robert G.; GALLAUGHER, John; GLASER, John (2009). “Community Relations 2.0”, Harvard Business Review, November, p.2-8.
• KARIZA, Alanda (2010). “Are ‘Twittering’ Youth Agents of Positive Change?”, UN Chronicle, No:4, p.27-28.
• KOFFEL, Carla; “Globalisation of Youth Activism and Human Rights”, http://www.unesco.org/ccivs/New-SiteCCSVI/institutions/jpc-youth/youth-openforum/Section_for_Youth/Resources_and_tools/Other_documents_on_ youth/OXFAM_INTERNATIONAL_YOUTH_PARLIAMENT/Youth_ activism _and_human_rights.pdf, p:117-127, Erişim Tarihi:12.07.2011.
• KVANSAY, Lynette; PAYTAN, Fay Cobb; HALES, Kayla D. (2009). Social Activism in the ‘Blackosphere’:The Jena 6 Case, (Editors), J. In Park ve E. Abels, Interpersonal and Social Patterns in Communication Technologies: Discourse Norms, Language Structures and Cultural Variables, Idea Group Inc., p.1-17.
• KYLLÖNEN, Ella; “Online Activism as Persuasive Communication”, http://sections.ecrea.eu/CD/docs/kyllonen.pdf, s:1-11, Erişim Tarihi: 28.07.2011.
• LU, Xın-An (2011). “Social Networking & Virtual Community”, Proteus A Journal of Ideas, 27:1, p.51-56.
• MA’ANIT, Adam (2010). “A World Wide Web of Cahange”, New Internationalist, September, p.21-24.
• MAYFIELD III, Thomas D. (2011). “A Commander’s Strategy for Social Media”, Joint Gorce Quarterly, 60,1st, p.79-83.
• MCPHILIPS, Fiona (2006). “Internet Activism: Towards A Framework for Emergent Democracy”, http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/internet-activism-towards -a-framework-for-emergent-democracy. p.329-338, Erişim Tarihi: 12.07.2011.
• RAJAPAT, Vijay (2009). “Social Media Trends&Growth of Digital Media”, SliconIndia, June, p.28-30.
• ROLFE, Brett; “The Impact of Web 2.0 on Social Activism”, http://digitalst rategist. typepad.com/articles/paper_web2activism.pdf.p.1-9, Erişim T:13.07.2011.
• ROTMAN, Dana; VEIWEG, Sarah; YARDI, Sarita; CHI, Ed H.; PREECE, Jenny; SHNEIDERMAN, Ben; PIROLLI, Peter; GLAISYER, Tom (2001). “From Slactivism to Activism: Participatory Culture in the Age of Social Media”, http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1980000/1979543/p819-rotman.pdf?ip=155. 223.100.25&CFID=36217971&CFTOKEN=88808083&__acm__ =1311325483 _765e0564e7182 dcebf1591a 81ad0957b. p.1-4, Erişim T:28.07.2011.
• SCHULTZ, Dan (2008). “A DigiActive Introduction to Facebook Activism”, http://www.digiactive.org/wp-content/uploads/digiactive_facebook_activism.pdf, p.1-15 Erişim Tarihi:12.07.2011.
• Shirky, Clay (2010). Herkes Örgüt: İnternet Gruplarının Gücü, (Çev:Pınar Şiraz), İstanbul: Optimist Yayın Dağıtım.
• UÇKAN, Özgür (2010). “Dijital Aktivizm Ne Kadar Etkili?”, Generation, Mayıs, 5, s:6.
• WHELAN, James. “Online Activism: Insighta to Guide Social Movement Electronic Communication”, http://thechangeagency.org. Erişim Tarihi:12.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Activists VS. Corporations in the Social Web”, http://www.mediabadger.com/2011/03/activists-vs-corporations-in-the-social-web/. Erişim Tarihi:13.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Aktivizm”, http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Aktivizm, Erişim Tarihi: 28.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Get Out of Your Urban Cocoon With Social Media”, http://www.mediabadger.com/2010/06/get-out-of-your-urban-cocoon-with-social-media/, Erişim Tarihi:13.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Social Movement Theories”, http://stmarys.ca/~evanderveen/wvdv/social_ change/social_movement_theories.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 28.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Social Movement Theory”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movement _theory, Erişim Tarihi: 28.07.2011.
• _____,_____, “How Activists Use Social Media Against Corporations”, http://www.mediabadger.com/2011/03/how-activists-use-social-media-against-corporations/, Erişim Tarihi:13.07.2011.
• ____,____. “Case 7 The New Type of Activism”, http://www. socialstrategy1.com/wp-c ontent/uploads/2010/03/case_studies/cs-new_activism.Pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.07.2011.