Araştırma Makalesi
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SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1325 - 1351, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.726057

Öz

Günümüzde milyarlarca kullanıcıya sahip farklı ad ve içeriklere sahip sosyal medya platformu bulunmaktadır. Bu platformların çoğunda, son dönemlerde ortaya çıkan sosyal medya etkileyicilerini görmek mümkündür. Yaşadığımız dönemde neredeyse hemen her sosyal medya platformunda görülebilen bu sanal kişiliklerin toplum için hangi hüviyete sahip olduğu önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırma; son yıllarda giderek bilinir hale gelen etkileyicilerin kanaat önderliği rolünün var olup olmadığı ve burada hangi öğelerin öne çıktığını, sosyal medya kullanıcıları nezdinde ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Nicel yöntem ve tarama araştırma modeliyle gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya 571 kişi katılmıştır. Sosyal medya kullanıcılarına göre; sosyal medya etkileyicileri birer kanaat önderidir. “İletişim, Eğlence, Yakınlık, Taklit, Güven ve Bilgi” değişkenleriyle etkileyicilerin kanaat önderliği rolü Yapısal Eşitlik Modeliyle ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; “İletişim (,16), Taklit (,28) ve Bilgi (,53)” değişkenlerin her biri etkileyicilerin kanaat önderliği rolü üzerinde etkisi (R^2=,836, p=,000) bulgulanmıştır. Araştırma, Halkla İlişkiler alanında yapılacak çalışmalarda hem etkileyiciler hem de etkileyicilerin kitleleri düşünülerek ilgili faaliyetlerin geçekleştirilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK 2211-A Programı Kapsamınca Çalışma Desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • ASLAN, Alev ve ÜNLÜ, Derya Gül (2016). “Instagram Fenomenleri ve Reklam İlişkisi: Instagram Fenomenlerinin Gözünden Bir Değerlendirme”, Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3/2, p. 41-65.
  • ARMAĞAN, Ece ve Doğaner, Mehmet Can C. (2018). “Fenomen Pazarlaması: Youtube Güzellik Vloggerları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, 1st International Congress of Political, Economic and Financial Analysis (PEFA’18), p. 223-234.
  • AVCILAR, Mutlu Yüksel ve AÇAR, Mehmet Fatih, 2017, “Sosyal Medya Reklamlarında Ünlü Desteği Kullanımı: Mikro-Ünlülerin Yükselişi”, 15. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Komrat Gagauziya/Moldova, p. 844-856.
  • AYTAŞ, Gönül (2019). Ağızdan Ağıza Pazarlama Trendi Olarak Sosyal Medya Fenomenlerinin Marka Yayılımı ve Tüketici Satın Alma Karar Sürecine Etkisi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyon.
  • BENTLER, Peter M. (1990). “Comparative Fit Indexes in Structural Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), p. 238-246 . BENTLER, Peter M., & BONETT, Dougles G. (1980). “Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in The Analysis of Covariance Structures”, Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), p. 588-600.
  • BLACK, Joan S. (1982). “Opinion Leaders: Is Anyone Following?”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 46(2), p. 169-176.
  • BODENDORF, Freimut & KAISER, Carolin (2009). “Detecting Opinion Leaders and Trends in Online Social Networks”, Proceeding of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Social Web Search and Mining - SWSM ’09, p. 65-68.
  • BOSTER, Franklin J., KOTOWSKI, Michael R., ANDREWS, Kyle R., & SEROTA, Kim (2011). “Identifying Influence: Development and Validation of the Connectivity, Persuasiveness, and Maven Scales. Journal of Communication, 61(1), p. 178-196.
  • BOLLEN, Kenneth A. (1989). “A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models”, Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), p. 303-316.
  • BROWNE, Michael W. & CUDECK, Robert (1993). “Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit”, (Editörler) Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long, Testing Structural Equation Models, Newbury Park: Sage, p. 136−162.
  • BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, Şener, KILIÇ ÇAKMAK, Ebru, AKGÜN, Özcan Erkan, KARADENİZ, Şirin ve DEMİREL, Funda (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Pegem Akademi (24. Baskı).
  • CHILDERS, Terry L. (1986). “Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of an Opinion Leadership Scale”, Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2), p. 184-188.
  • CRESWELL, Jhon W. (2016). Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları Araştırma Deseni, (Çeviri Editörü: Selçuk Beşir Demir), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap (2. Baskı).
  • ÇAYCI, Berk (2019). Dijital İletişim Çağında Toplumun Medyatikleşmesiyle Dönüşen Şöhret Kültürü, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • ÇAYCI, Ayşegül Elif ve AKTAŞ, Celalettin (2018). “Dijitalden Tatmak: Yemeğin ‘Yeni’ Gastro Mekânlardaki Seyirlik Gösterisinin Kültürel Yansımaları”, TRT Akademi ‘Ekran Kültürü’, 3/6, s. 710-720.
  • FLYNN, Leisa Reinecke, GOLDSMITH, Ronald. E. & EASTMAN, Jacqueline K. (1996). “Opinion Leaders and Opinion Seekers: Two New Measurement Scales”, Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 24(2), p. 137-147.
  • FREBERG, Karen, GRAHAM, Kristin, MCGAUGHEY, Karen & Freberg, Laura A. (2011). “Who are the Social Media İnfluencers? A Study Of Public Perceptions Of Personality”, Public Relations Review, 37/1, p. 90-92.
  • GNAMBS, Timo & BATINIC, Bernad (2011). “Evaluation of Measurement Precision with Rasch-Type Models: The Case of The Short Generalized Opinion Leadership Scale”, Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), p. 53-58.
  • HU, Li-Tze., & BENTLER, Peter M. (1999). “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), p. 1-55.
  • JERSLEV, Anne (2016). “In The Time Of The Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella”, International Journal of Communication, 10, p. 5233–5251.
  • JUNGNICKEL, Katrin (2018). “New Methods of Measuring Opinion Leadership: A Systematic, Interdisciplinary Literature Analysis”, International Journal of Communication, 12 s. (23), p. 2702-2724.
  • KHAMIS, Sussie, ANG, Lawrance, WELLING, Raymond (2016). “Self-Branding, ‘Micro-Celebrity’ and the Rise of Social Media Influencers”, Celebrity Studies, 8/2, p. 191-208.
  • KING, Charles W. & SUMMERS, Jhon O. (1970). “Overlap of Opinion Leadership Across Consumer Product Categories”, Journal of Marketing Research, 7(1), p. 43-50.
  • KUNNAN, Antony Jhon, (1998). “An Introduction to Structural Equation Modelling for Language Assessment Research”, Language Testing, 15 (3), p. 295-332.
  • LI, Ruohan (2018). “The Secret of Internet Celebrities: A Qualitative Study of Online Opinion Leaders on Weibo”, Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, p. 533-542.
  • MARSHALL, Roger & GITOSUDARMO, Indriyo (1995). “Variation in The Characteristics of Opinion Leaders Across Cultural Borders”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 8 (1), p. 5-22.
  • MARWICK Alice E. (2013). Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • MARWICK, Alice E. (2015). “You May Know Me From YouTube (micro-) Celebrity In Social Media”, (Editör), Sean Redmond and P. David Marshall. A Companion to Celebrity, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, p. 333–349.
  • MARWICK, Alice E. & BOYD, Danah (2011). “To See and Be Seen: Celebrity Practice on Twitter”, The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 17/2, p. 139-158.
  • NISBET, Matthew C. & KOTCHER, Jhon E. (2009). A Two-Step Flow of Influence? Opinion Leader Campaigns on Climate Change. Science Communication, 30(3), p. 328-354.
  • NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth (1983). Political Opinion Polling in Germany. In Political Opinion Polling, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 44-60.
  • PAPACHARISSI, Zizi (2010). A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture On Social Network Sites, New York: Routledge.
  • REYNOLDS, Fred D. & DARDEN, William R. (1971). “Mutually Adaptive Effects of Interpersonal Communication”, Journal of Marketing Research, 8(4), p 449-454.
  • ROGERS, Everett M., & CARTANO, David G. (1962). “Methods of Measuring Opinion Leadership”, Public Opinion Quarterly, p. 435-441.
  • RORHOLM, Anne M. (2018). “Power and Influence of the Modern Internet Opinion Leader”, Open Journal of Human Resource Management, 1/1, p. 22-29.
  • RUSSELL, Cristel Antonia, NORMAN, Andrew T. & HECKLER, Susan. E. (2004). “The Consumption of Television Programming: Development and Validation of The Connectedness Scale”, Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), p. 150-161.
  • SCHERMELLEH-ENGEL, Karin, MOOSBRUGGER, Helfried & MÜLLER, Hans (2003). “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), p. 23-74.
  • SEZEN, Diğdem (2016). “Dijital Sonrası Hayran Kültürünün Dönüşümü Üzerine”, (Editör), Nilüfer Timisi, Dijital Kavramlar, Olanaklar, Deneyimler, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları, p. 153-177.
  • SOUSA, Rodrigo Almeida (2019). “Story-Building for Revolution: Post-Marxist and Neo-Nationalist Perspectives on the Yellow Vests Movement”, Perspectivas-Journal of Political Science, Vol: 20, p. 9-21.
  • SURAHMAN, Sigit (2018). “Publik Figur Sebagai Virtual Opinion Leader dan Kepercayaan Informasi Masyarakat”, Jurnal Wacana, 17(1), p. 53-63.
  • TABACHNICK, Barbara G. & FIDELL, Linda (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, Boston: Pearson Education Inc. (6. Baskı).
  • TAM, Lisa & KIM, Jeong-Nam (2019). “Social Media Analytics: How They Support Company Public Relations”, Journal of Business Strategy, 40(1), p. 28-34.
  • TROLDAHL, Verling C., & VAN DAM, Robert (1965). “A New Scale for Identifying Public-Affairs Opinion Leaders”, Journalism Quarterly, 42(4), p. 655-657.
  • WEIMANN, Gabriel (1991). “The Influentials: Back To The Concept of Opinion Leaders?” Public Opinion Quarterly, 55(2), p. 267-279.
  • WEIMANN, Gabriel, TUSTIN, Deon Harold, VUUREN, Daan V. & JOUBERT, J. P. R. (2007), “Looking for Opinion Leaders: Traditional vs. Modern Measures in Traditional Societies”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19(2), p. 173-190.
  • WINTER, Stephan & NEUBAUM, German (2016). “Examining Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Social Media: A Motivational Approach”, Social Media+ Society, 2(3), p. 1-12.
  • YALÇIN, Karagöz (2016). SPSS ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • YETİŞKİN, Ebru (2016). Sosyal Medya ve Sıradanlaşan Gözetim, Yeni Medya ve Toplum: Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımlar, Konya: Literatürk.
  • ZENGİN, Ezgi (2019). Sosyal Medya Popüler Kişilerinin (Fenomen) Satın Alma Karar Süreci Üzerindeki Rolü, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilecik.
  • ZHANG, Jiang, WANG, Yufeng, YUAN, Zhiyuan, JIN, Qun (2019). “Personalized Real-Time Movie Recommendation System: Practical Prototype and Evaluation”, Tsinghua Science and Technology, 25/2, p. 180-191.
  • https://socialblade.com/ E.T. 16.12.19.
  • https://www.socialbakers.com/ E.T. 20.11.2019.
  • https://www.instagram.com/?hl=tr E.T. 14.12.19.

OPINION LEADERSHIP ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1325 - 1351, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.726057

Öz

Today there is a social media platform with different names and content with billions of users. On many of these platforms, it is possible to see social media influencers emerging recently. It is important to see what identity these virtual personalities have for society, which can be seen on almost every social media platform in the period we live in, is important. In this context, the research aims to reveal whether the role of opinion leadership of the influencers that have become known in recent years exists and what elements stand out here in front of social media users. 571 people participated in the study, which was carried out by quantitative method and screening research model. According to social media users, social media influencers are opinion leaders. The role of opinion leadership of influencers with the variables “Communication, Entertainment, Intimacy, Imitation, Trust and Knowledge” has been tried to be demonstrated through a model of structural equality. As a result, “Communication (,16), Imitation (,28) and Knowledge (,53)” variables were each found to have an effect on the role of influencers in opinion leadership (R^2=,836, p=,000). The research reveals the necessity of taking into account both the influencers and the masses of the influencers into account in the studies to be carried out in the field of Public Relations.

Kaynakça

  • ASLAN, Alev ve ÜNLÜ, Derya Gül (2016). “Instagram Fenomenleri ve Reklam İlişkisi: Instagram Fenomenlerinin Gözünden Bir Değerlendirme”, Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3/2, p. 41-65.
  • ARMAĞAN, Ece ve Doğaner, Mehmet Can C. (2018). “Fenomen Pazarlaması: Youtube Güzellik Vloggerları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, 1st International Congress of Political, Economic and Financial Analysis (PEFA’18), p. 223-234.
  • AVCILAR, Mutlu Yüksel ve AÇAR, Mehmet Fatih, 2017, “Sosyal Medya Reklamlarında Ünlü Desteği Kullanımı: Mikro-Ünlülerin Yükselişi”, 15. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Komrat Gagauziya/Moldova, p. 844-856.
  • AYTAŞ, Gönül (2019). Ağızdan Ağıza Pazarlama Trendi Olarak Sosyal Medya Fenomenlerinin Marka Yayılımı ve Tüketici Satın Alma Karar Sürecine Etkisi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyon.
  • BENTLER, Peter M. (1990). “Comparative Fit Indexes in Structural Models”, Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), p. 238-246 . BENTLER, Peter M., & BONETT, Dougles G. (1980). “Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in The Analysis of Covariance Structures”, Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), p. 588-600.
  • BLACK, Joan S. (1982). “Opinion Leaders: Is Anyone Following?”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 46(2), p. 169-176.
  • BODENDORF, Freimut & KAISER, Carolin (2009). “Detecting Opinion Leaders and Trends in Online Social Networks”, Proceeding of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Social Web Search and Mining - SWSM ’09, p. 65-68.
  • BOSTER, Franklin J., KOTOWSKI, Michael R., ANDREWS, Kyle R., & SEROTA, Kim (2011). “Identifying Influence: Development and Validation of the Connectivity, Persuasiveness, and Maven Scales. Journal of Communication, 61(1), p. 178-196.
  • BOLLEN, Kenneth A. (1989). “A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models”, Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), p. 303-316.
  • BROWNE, Michael W. & CUDECK, Robert (1993). “Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit”, (Editörler) Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long, Testing Structural Equation Models, Newbury Park: Sage, p. 136−162.
  • BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, Şener, KILIÇ ÇAKMAK, Ebru, AKGÜN, Özcan Erkan, KARADENİZ, Şirin ve DEMİREL, Funda (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Pegem Akademi (24. Baskı).
  • CHILDERS, Terry L. (1986). “Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of an Opinion Leadership Scale”, Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2), p. 184-188.
  • CRESWELL, Jhon W. (2016). Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları Araştırma Deseni, (Çeviri Editörü: Selçuk Beşir Demir), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap (2. Baskı).
  • ÇAYCI, Berk (2019). Dijital İletişim Çağında Toplumun Medyatikleşmesiyle Dönüşen Şöhret Kültürü, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • ÇAYCI, Ayşegül Elif ve AKTAŞ, Celalettin (2018). “Dijitalden Tatmak: Yemeğin ‘Yeni’ Gastro Mekânlardaki Seyirlik Gösterisinin Kültürel Yansımaları”, TRT Akademi ‘Ekran Kültürü’, 3/6, s. 710-720.
  • FLYNN, Leisa Reinecke, GOLDSMITH, Ronald. E. & EASTMAN, Jacqueline K. (1996). “Opinion Leaders and Opinion Seekers: Two New Measurement Scales”, Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 24(2), p. 137-147.
  • FREBERG, Karen, GRAHAM, Kristin, MCGAUGHEY, Karen & Freberg, Laura A. (2011). “Who are the Social Media İnfluencers? A Study Of Public Perceptions Of Personality”, Public Relations Review, 37/1, p. 90-92.
  • GNAMBS, Timo & BATINIC, Bernad (2011). “Evaluation of Measurement Precision with Rasch-Type Models: The Case of The Short Generalized Opinion Leadership Scale”, Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), p. 53-58.
  • HU, Li-Tze., & BENTLER, Peter M. (1999). “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), p. 1-55.
  • JERSLEV, Anne (2016). “In The Time Of The Microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella”, International Journal of Communication, 10, p. 5233–5251.
  • JUNGNICKEL, Katrin (2018). “New Methods of Measuring Opinion Leadership: A Systematic, Interdisciplinary Literature Analysis”, International Journal of Communication, 12 s. (23), p. 2702-2724.
  • KHAMIS, Sussie, ANG, Lawrance, WELLING, Raymond (2016). “Self-Branding, ‘Micro-Celebrity’ and the Rise of Social Media Influencers”, Celebrity Studies, 8/2, p. 191-208.
  • KING, Charles W. & SUMMERS, Jhon O. (1970). “Overlap of Opinion Leadership Across Consumer Product Categories”, Journal of Marketing Research, 7(1), p. 43-50.
  • KUNNAN, Antony Jhon, (1998). “An Introduction to Structural Equation Modelling for Language Assessment Research”, Language Testing, 15 (3), p. 295-332.
  • LI, Ruohan (2018). “The Secret of Internet Celebrities: A Qualitative Study of Online Opinion Leaders on Weibo”, Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, p. 533-542.
  • MARSHALL, Roger & GITOSUDARMO, Indriyo (1995). “Variation in The Characteristics of Opinion Leaders Across Cultural Borders”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 8 (1), p. 5-22.
  • MARWICK Alice E. (2013). Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • MARWICK, Alice E. (2015). “You May Know Me From YouTube (micro-) Celebrity In Social Media”, (Editör), Sean Redmond and P. David Marshall. A Companion to Celebrity, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, p. 333–349.
  • MARWICK, Alice E. & BOYD, Danah (2011). “To See and Be Seen: Celebrity Practice on Twitter”, The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 17/2, p. 139-158.
  • NISBET, Matthew C. & KOTCHER, Jhon E. (2009). A Two-Step Flow of Influence? Opinion Leader Campaigns on Climate Change. Science Communication, 30(3), p. 328-354.
  • NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth (1983). Political Opinion Polling in Germany. In Political Opinion Polling, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 44-60.
  • PAPACHARISSI, Zizi (2010). A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture On Social Network Sites, New York: Routledge.
  • REYNOLDS, Fred D. & DARDEN, William R. (1971). “Mutually Adaptive Effects of Interpersonal Communication”, Journal of Marketing Research, 8(4), p 449-454.
  • ROGERS, Everett M., & CARTANO, David G. (1962). “Methods of Measuring Opinion Leadership”, Public Opinion Quarterly, p. 435-441.
  • RORHOLM, Anne M. (2018). “Power and Influence of the Modern Internet Opinion Leader”, Open Journal of Human Resource Management, 1/1, p. 22-29.
  • RUSSELL, Cristel Antonia, NORMAN, Andrew T. & HECKLER, Susan. E. (2004). “The Consumption of Television Programming: Development and Validation of The Connectedness Scale”, Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), p. 150-161.
  • SCHERMELLEH-ENGEL, Karin, MOOSBRUGGER, Helfried & MÜLLER, Hans (2003). “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), p. 23-74.
  • SEZEN, Diğdem (2016). “Dijital Sonrası Hayran Kültürünün Dönüşümü Üzerine”, (Editör), Nilüfer Timisi, Dijital Kavramlar, Olanaklar, Deneyimler, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları, p. 153-177.
  • SOUSA, Rodrigo Almeida (2019). “Story-Building for Revolution: Post-Marxist and Neo-Nationalist Perspectives on the Yellow Vests Movement”, Perspectivas-Journal of Political Science, Vol: 20, p. 9-21.
  • SURAHMAN, Sigit (2018). “Publik Figur Sebagai Virtual Opinion Leader dan Kepercayaan Informasi Masyarakat”, Jurnal Wacana, 17(1), p. 53-63.
  • TABACHNICK, Barbara G. & FIDELL, Linda (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, Boston: Pearson Education Inc. (6. Baskı).
  • TAM, Lisa & KIM, Jeong-Nam (2019). “Social Media Analytics: How They Support Company Public Relations”, Journal of Business Strategy, 40(1), p. 28-34.
  • TROLDAHL, Verling C., & VAN DAM, Robert (1965). “A New Scale for Identifying Public-Affairs Opinion Leaders”, Journalism Quarterly, 42(4), p. 655-657.
  • WEIMANN, Gabriel (1991). “The Influentials: Back To The Concept of Opinion Leaders?” Public Opinion Quarterly, 55(2), p. 267-279.
  • WEIMANN, Gabriel, TUSTIN, Deon Harold, VUUREN, Daan V. & JOUBERT, J. P. R. (2007), “Looking for Opinion Leaders: Traditional vs. Modern Measures in Traditional Societies”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19(2), p. 173-190.
  • WINTER, Stephan & NEUBAUM, German (2016). “Examining Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Social Media: A Motivational Approach”, Social Media+ Society, 2(3), p. 1-12.
  • YALÇIN, Karagöz (2016). SPSS ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • YETİŞKİN, Ebru (2016). Sosyal Medya ve Sıradanlaşan Gözetim, Yeni Medya ve Toplum: Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımlar, Konya: Literatürk.
  • ZENGİN, Ezgi (2019). Sosyal Medya Popüler Kişilerinin (Fenomen) Satın Alma Karar Süreci Üzerindeki Rolü, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilecik.
  • ZHANG, Jiang, WANG, Yufeng, YUAN, Zhiyuan, JIN, Qun (2019). “Personalized Real-Time Movie Recommendation System: Practical Prototype and Evaluation”, Tsinghua Science and Technology, 25/2, p. 180-191.
  • https://socialblade.com/ E.T. 16.12.19.
  • https://www.socialbakers.com/ E.T. 20.11.2019.
  • https://www.instagram.com/?hl=tr E.T. 14.12.19.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Sinan Tam 0000-0001-9897-0803

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tam, M. S. (2020). SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2), 1325-1351. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.726057
AMA Tam MS. SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ. e-gifder. Eylül 2020;8(2):1325-1351. doi:10.19145/e-gifder.726057
Chicago Tam, Mehmet Sinan. “SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Eylül 2020): 1325-51. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.726057.
EndNote Tam MS (01 Eylül 2020) SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8 2 1325–1351.
IEEE M. S. Tam, “SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ”, e-gifder, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 1325–1351, 2020, doi: 10.19145/e-gifder.726057.
ISNAD Tam, Mehmet Sinan. “SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8/2 (Eylül 2020), 1325-1351. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.726057.
JAMA Tam MS. SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ. e-gifder. 2020;8:1325–1351.
MLA Tam, Mehmet Sinan. “SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 1325-51, doi:10.19145/e-gifder.726057.
Vancouver Tam MS. SOSYAL MEDYA ETKİLEYİCİLERİNİN KANAAT ÖNDERLİĞİ ROLÜ. e-gifder. 2020;8(2):1325-51.

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