RUSYA'DA İKTİDAR, MUHALEFET VE SOSYAL MEDYA

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 470 - 501, 31.03.2021

Erkam Temir

https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.816300

Öz

Bu makalede, Rusya'da muhalefet, sosyal medya ve iktidar arasındaki ilişkiler ve çelişkiler incelenmiştir. Bu ilişkiler ve çelişkiler, otoriter rejimlerde sosyal medyanın işlevine dikkat çekmek açısından önemli görülmüştür. Makale konuyu nesnel bir bakış açısıyla sunmaktadır. Öncelikle Rusya’da muhalefetin nasıl tanımlandığına değinilmekte ve ‘gerçek muhalefet’ kavramı tartışılmaktadır. Nitekim özellikle Rusya’da gerçek muhalefetin ne olduğunu anlamak için ne olmadığının anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Akabinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak sosyal medyanın hem muhalifler hem de Kremlin açısından ne ifade ettiği ortaya konmaktadır. Buna göre kısaca Rusya’da iktidar, kategorik olarak sosyal medyayı kendisine karşı yürütülen ideolojik bir savaşın aracı olarak görmektedir. Kremlin’e göre sosyal medya bir “Amerikan fitnesi”dir. Geleneksel medya imkanlarından neredeyse tamamıyla yoksun olan muhalifler açısından ise sosyal medya tek seçenek olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle sosyal medya tartışmaları iktidar açısından batıcılık-Amerikancılık tartışmaları ekseninde sürmektedir. Muhalefet açısından ise sosyal medya tartışmaları ifade özgürlüğü çerçevesinde ele alınmakta ve sosyal medya ‘son kale’ olarak görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya, İktidar, Kremlin, Muhalefet, Sosyal Medya

POWER, OPPOSITION AND SOCIAL MEDIA IN RUSSIA

Öz

In this article, the relations and contradictions between the opposition, social media, and power in Russia are examined. These relations and contradictions were considered important in terms of pointing out the function of social media in authoritarian regimes. The article presents the subject from an objective point of view. First of all, the definition of opposition in Russia and the concept of ‘real opposition’ is discussed. Indeed, in order to understand what real opposition especially in Russia is, it is necessary to understand what it is not. Then, by using the descriptive analysis method, it is revealed what social media means for both opposition and Kremlin. Power categorically sees social media as an instrument of an ideological war against itself. According to the Kremlin, social media is an “American mischief.” On the other hand, social media is accepted as the only option for the opposition, who are almost completely devoid of traditional media opportunities. Therefore, social media discussions continue on the axis of westernism-Americanism in terms of power. In terms of opposition, social media discussions are handled within the framework of freedom of expression, and social media is seen as the ‘last castle’.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Russia, Power, Kremlin, Opposition, Social Media

Kaynakça

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