İletişim Teknolojilerindeki Dönüşümün Gündem-Belirleme Sürecine Etkisi Üzerine Kuramsal Tartışmaların Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Son yıllarda medya teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, özellikle yeni medyanın ortaya çıkışı kitle iletişim araştırmalarında köklü bir dönüşümü beraberinde getirmiştir. Etki çalışmaları özelinde bakıldığında gerek kitle iletişim araştırmalarının, gerekse de izleyicilerin yaşadığı dönüşümün iletişim araştırmalarında anlamlı bir karşılık bulduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, internet içerikleri ve özellikle Twitter odaklı gündem belirleme yaklaşımı çalışmalarında kuramın geçirdiği dönüşümlerin incelenmesidir. Söz konusu araştırmalardaki kuramsal inşa ve araştırmaların metodolojik tasarımının ortaya konulması çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Bu kapsamda 16 çalışma üzerinde yapılan incelemede; gerek birinci düzey, gerekse ikinci düzey gündem belirleme araştırmalarında önemli araştırma alanlarından biri olan Twitter ve diğer yeni medya mecralarının üçüncü düzey gündem belirleme araştırmalarında da önemli bir yer edindikleri görülmektedir. Üçüncü düzey gündem belirleme ve ağ analizi çalışmalarının, özellikle seçim kampanyalarına anlamlı bir ilgi göstermekle birlikte, toplumsal hareketlere de önem verdikleri dikkat çekmektedir. İncelenen araştırmalarda sadece sıradan kullanıcılara değil, siyasal ve kurumsal aktörlere de odaklanılmaktadır. Ancak yeni iletişim teknolojilerine yönelik gündem belirleme çalışmalarının, keskin bir farklılaşmaya işaret ettiğini söylemek son derece zordur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• üçüncü düzey gündem belirleme
• sosyal medya
• twitter
• ağ analizi
• yeni iletişim teknolojileri

Evaluation of Theoretical Discussions on the Effect of Transformation in Communication Technologies on the Agenda-Setting Process

Öz

Developments in media technologies in recent years, especially the emergence of new media, have brought about a radical transformation in mass communication research. In terms of impact studies, the transformation experienced both by mass communication research and by the audience find a meaningful response in communication studies. This study aims to examine the transformations that the theory has undergone in the agenda setting studies focusing on internet content and especially Twitter. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical construction and methodological design of the researches examined. In this context, it was seen in the examination of 16 studies that Twitter and other new media channels, which are one of the most important research fields of both first level and second level agenda setting studies, have an important place in third level agenda setting researches. Although third-level agenda setting and network analysis studies show a significant interest especially in election campaigns, social movements also have a notable place in these studies. The research studies examined focus on political and institutional actors as well as ordinary users. However, it is extremely difficult to say that agenda-setting studies for new communication technologies point to a sharp differentiation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• third level agenda setting
• social media
• twitter
• network analysis
• new communication technologies

Kaynakça

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