Afetlerde Sahra Hastaneleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 17 - 21, 18.03.2021

Nurcan Bıçakçı , Melisnur Nevruz

Öz

Afetler ortaya çıktığında yerel sağlık yapıları artan talebi karşılayamaz ya da çeşitli nedenlerle işlev göremez hale gelebilir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Pan Amerikan Sağlık Örgütü tarafından sahra hastaneleri "belirli bir süre için acil durum gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla, hızlı konuşlanabilme ve genişleme veya daralma yeteneğine sahip mobil, bağımsız, kendi kendine yeten bir sağlık tesisi" olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sahra hastaneleri savaş ortamlarında olduğu gibi afetlerde de ayaktan ve yataklı hasta bakımı, cerrahi işlem olanakları sağlayarak artan sağlık hizmet yükünü karşılamada geçici çözüm olanakları sunmaktadır. Bu hastaneler afetlerden sonra farklı zaman dilimlerinde ortaya çıkabilecek farklı sağlık hizmetleri ihtiyaçlarını karşılama amaçlı özelleşebilirler. Ulusal ve uluslararası kaynaklardan temin edilebilecek sahra hastaneleri, afetlerin türüne, etkilenen nüfusun ihtiyaçlarına ve kullanım amaçlarına göre idari ve operasyonel birimler gibi farklı alt birimlerden oluşabilir. Sahra hastanesinin etkili faaliyet göstermesi için kurulum kararının, faaliyet beklentilerinin, standartlarının dikkatle analiz edilmesi gerekir. Bu makale afet tıbbında önemli bir konsept olan sahra hastanelerinin sahip olması gereken özellikleri ve kullanımlarını incelemek üzere planlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet, Tıbbi Yardım, Sahra Hastanesi

Field Hospitals in Disasters

Öz

When disasters occur, local healthcare structures cannot meet the growing demand or become dysfunctional for various reasons. Field hospitals are defined by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization as "a mobile, independent, self-contained health facility with the ability to rapidly deploy and expand or contract to meet emergency needs for a certain period of time". Field hospitals offer temporary solutions to meet the increasing healthcare burden by providing outpatient and inpatient care and surgical procedures in disasters as well as in war environments. These hospitals can be customized to meet different healthcare needs that may arise in different time periods after disasters. Field hospitals that can be obtained from national and international sources may consist of different sub-units such as administrative and operational units, depending on the type of disaster, the needs of the affected population and their intended use. For the field hospital to operate effectively, the establishment decision, activity expectations and standards must be carefully analyzed. This article is planned to examine the features and uses of field hospitals, which is an important concept in disaster medicine.

Kaynakça

• 1. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). 2018 315. Emerg Events Database. 2018:EM- DAT The İnternational Disaster Database. https://www. emdat.be/.
• 2. American Health Organization P, Salvador S, Salvador E.Foreign Field Hospitals WHO-PAHO Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Field Hospitals in the Aftermath of Sud- den-Impact Disasters Area on Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief International Meeting Hospitals in Disasters-Handle with Care.
• 3. Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Field Hospitals in the Aftermath of Sudden-Impact Disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003;18(4):278-290. doi:10.1017/ s1049023x00001229
• 4. King B, Jatoi I. The mobile army surgical hospital (MASH): A military and surgical legacy. J Natl Med As- soc. 2005;97(5):648-656.
• 5. ICRC. Hospitals For War-Wounded. (Hayward-Karlsson J, Jeffery S, Kerr A, Schmidt H, eds.).; 2005. https://www. icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/icrc_002_0714.pdf.
• 6. Norton I, von Schreeb J, Aitken P, Herard P, Lajolo C. Classification and Minimum Standards for Foreign Me- dical Teams in Sudden Onset Disasters. World Heal Or- gan. 2013:103. http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_ cluster/fmt_guidelines_september2013.pdf ?ua=1.
• 7. MSF. Public Health in Precarious Situations. 2nd ed. (Van Den Noortgate J, Mees P, eds.).; 2010. http://ref- books.msf.org/msf_docs/en/public_health/public_he- alth_en.pdf.
• 8. Tekin E, Bayramoglu A, Uzkeser M, Cakir Z. Afet duru- munda hastanelerin tahliyesi, sahra hastanesinin kuru- lumu ve haberleşme. Eurasian J Med. 2017;49(2):137- 141. doi:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.16102
• 9. Guidelines on the offer and acceptance of field hospitals for use in Iraq | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/ iraq/guidelines-offer-and-acceptance-field-hospitals-u- se-iraq. Accessed October 23, 2020.
• 10. Manoochehry S, Hoseinzadeh E, Taha P, Rasouli HR, Hoseinzadeh S. Field hospital in disasters: A systematic review. review. Trauma Mon. 2019;24(2). doi:10.5812/trauma- mon.65126
• 11. Moradian MJ, Ardalan A, Nejati A, Darvishi Boloorani A, Akbarisari A, Rastegarfar B. Importance of Site Selection for Stockpiling Field Hospitals for Upcoming Di- sasters. Bull Emerg trauma. 2016;4(3):124-125. http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540545%0Ahttp:// www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=P- MC4989037.
• 12. Alahdab F, Omar M, Alsakka S, Atassi B, Al-Moujahed A. Syrians’ alternative to a health care system: “field hos- pitals.” Avicenna J Med. 2014;4(3):51. doi:10.4103/2231- 0770.133329
• 13. Cheng B, Shi R, Du D, et al. Mobile emergency (surgical) hospital: Development and application in medical relief of “4.20” Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. Chinese J Traumatol - English Ed. 2015;18(1):5-9. do- i:10.1016/j.cjtee.2014.07.004
• 14. Blackwell T, Bosse M. Use of an Innovative Design Mobi- le Hospital in the Medical Response to Hurricane Katri- na. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49(5):580-588. doi:10.1016/j.