Field Triage Systems Used in Mass Events

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 31.03.2025

Hande Kekreli Göylüsün , Gül Özlem Yıldırım

Öz

Introduction: Mass casualty events occur suddenly, and these events almost always take place in the immediate vicinity, leading to the simultaneous injury of thousands of people. In mass casualty situations, healthy human resources and other materials are limited. Trauma or field triage systems are used in many centers to maximize the protection of patients' and casualties' lives and to prevent disabilities.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate triage principles that could be more beneficial in mass casualty situations and to examine the existing triage models.
Method: Publications in the literature were reviewed according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. A literature search was conducted using Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, ULAKBIM, PubMed Free Full Text, and YÖKTEZ search engines, applying both Turkish and English keywords. The search covered relevant academic publications from 2020 to the present, sorted by publication date. This process led to the inclusion of 10 Turkish-language and 131 English-language academic papers. After filtering by abstracts and titles, and including a content review in the introduction section, 56 academic publications were analyzed for this study.
Results: Literature review revealed that there are many triage systems in place, but it was found that these systems often face challenges in terms of under-triage and over-triage rates, which limit their effectiveness in providing benefit. The fundamental triage systems commonly recognized include color classification, the Emergency Severity Index Triage (ESI), and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Triage systems that have been identified as effective in terms of reducing under-triage and over-triage rates were noted.
Conclusion: Triage systems play a critical role in the emergency management of mass casualty events. The effective use of triage systems can enhance the resilience of the healthcare system and contribute to achieving better outcomes in mass casualty situations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

prehospital emergency care, trauma, triage, mass casualty incidents

Kitlesel Olaylarda Kullanılan Saha Triyaj Sistemleri

Öz

Giriş: Kitlesel olaylar aniden ortaya çıkar, bu tip olaylar hemen her zaman yakın çevre lokasyonunda gerçekleşerek binlerce insanın aynı anda yaralanmasına yol açar. Kitlesel olaylarda sağlıklı insan gücü ve diğer kaynaklar sınırlıdır. Hastaların/yaralıların hayatlarının maksimum düzeyde korunması, sakatlıkların önlenmesi açısından birçok merkezde travma veya saha triyaj sistemleri kullanılmaktadır.
Amaç: Kitlesel olay durumlarında daha fazla yarar sağlayabilecek triyaj ilkelerinin değerlendirilerek günümüzde var olan triyaj modellerinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: PRISMA 2020 kontrol formuna göre literatürde yer alan yayınlar incelenmiştir. Literatür taraması Web Of Sience (WOS), Google Akademik, ULAKBİM, PubMed free full text ve YÖKTEZ arama motorlarında, anahtar kelimelerin Türkçe ve İngilizce tercümeleri kullanılarak 2020 yılından günümüze kadar olan ilgili akademik yayınlar tarih sırasına göre ele alınmıştır. Bu yöntemle Türkçe literatürde 10, İngilizce literatürde ise 131 akademik yayına indirgenmiştir. Özet ve başlıkların filtrelemesine giriş bölümünde içerik incelenmesi eklenerek 56 akademik yayının incelenmesi üzerinden bu çalışma gerçekleşmiştir.
Bulgular: Literatür taramasında veri tabanlarında çok fazla triyaj sistemi olduğu fakat yetersiz triyaj ve aşırı triyaj düzeyleri göz önüne alındığında yarar sağlama yönünden sıkıntı olduğu saptanmıştır. Triyaj sistemlerin temelinde renk sınıflandırması, Emergency Severity Index Triage (ESI-Acil Durum Şiddet Endeksi) ve Glasgow Koma Skalası (GKS) olduğu kabul görmektedir. Yaralılarda yetersiz triyaj ve aşırı triyaj düzeyleri yönünden yarar sağladığı belirlenen triyaj sistemleri tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Kitlesel olaylarda triyaj sistemleri, sağlık hizmetlerinin acil durum yönetiminde kritik bir rol oynar. Triyaj sistemlerinin etkin bir şekilde kullanılması, sağlık sisteminin dayanıklılığını artırabilir ve kitlesel olaylarda daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmesine katkıda bulunabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hastane öncesi acil bakım, travma, triyaj, toplu yaralanma olayları

Kaynakça

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