KAMU EĞİTİM HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 17 - 32, 01.12.2013

Oktay Kızılkaya Emrah Koçak

Öz

In Classical Approach, human capital have kept out factors of production, Neoclassical Approach concerned with quantitative aspect of growth. In time,These deficiencies was insufficient to explain the growth. These deficiencies has been corrected by the endogenous growth approach which achieved an important relationship between human capital and the growth. Education is considered as determinant of human capital. Hence countries are sensitive about education, counties are financed an important part of education expenditures.For this purpose,for 10 OECD countries, the relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth have been analyzed by the method of Panel Data.In the analysis, dependent variable is GDP per capita, public expenditures on education and fixed capital investment was used as a control variable. As a result of analysis it has been obtained a positive impact on growth in spending on education

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public education expenditure, economic growth, panel data

KAMU EĞİTİM HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Klasik Yaklaşım, beşeri sermayeyi üretim faktörlerinin dışında tutmuş, Neoklasik yaklaşım ise büyümenin nicelik yönüyle ilgilenmiştir. Bu eksiklikler zamanla büyümeyi açıklamada yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu eksiklikler beşeri sermaye ve büyüme arasında önemli ilişkiler elde eden İçsel Büyüme Yaklaşımı ile giderilmiştir. Beşeri sermayenin belirleyicisi eğitim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla ülkeler eğitim konusunda hassas davranmakta, eğitim harcamalarının önemli bir kısmını finanse etmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada 11 OECD ülkesinde kamu eğitim harcamaları- ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi Panel Veri yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizde kişi başı GSYİH bağımlı; kamu eğitim harcamaları ve sabit sermaye yatırımları kontrol değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda eğitim harcamalarının büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kamu eğitim harcamaları, ekonomik büyüme, panel veri

Kaynakça

• Aghion, P., and P. Howitt, Endogenous Growth Theory, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1998.
• Annabi, Nabil, Simon Harvey, ve Yu Lan. "Public expenditures on education, human capital and growth in Canada: An OLG model analysis." Journal of Policy Modeling 33.6, 2011, 852-865.
• Asteriou, Dimitrious, and G. Myron Agiomirgianakis. "Human capital and economic growth: time series evidence from Greece." Journal of Policy Modeling 23.5, 2001, 481-489.
• Ay, Ahmet, & Kızılkaya, Oktay ve Koçak, Emrah, “Sağlık Göstergeleri ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği ”, Niğde Üniversitesi İkitisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 1, 2013, 163-172.
• Barro, Robert J. "Economic growth in a cross section of countries." The quarterly journal of economics 106.2, 1991, 407-443.
• Barro, Robert J., and Jong-Wha Lee. "International comparisons of educational attainment." Journal of monetary economics 32.3, 1993, 363-394.
• Benhabib, J., and M. Spiegel, “The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence from Aggregate Cross-Country Data,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 34,1994, 143–173.
• Blankenau, William F., Nicole B. Simpson ve Marc Tomljanovich, “Public educationexpenditures, taxation and growth: Linking data to theory”, American Economic Review, Vol. 97, No. 2,2007, pp. 393–397.
• Blankenau, William F., and Nicole B. Simpson. "Public education expenditures and growth." Journal of Development Economics, 73.2, 2004, 583-605.
• Bose, Niloy, M. Emranul Haque, and Denise R. Osborn. "Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Disaggregated Analysis for Developing Countries" The Manchester School 75.5, 2007, 533-556.
• Chandra, Abhijeet. "Nexus between Government Expenditure on Education and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidences from India." Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională 6, 2011, 73-85. Education at
• ,http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/oecd-eag-2012-en.pdf, Glance
• [İndirme Tarihi: 07.08.2012]. 2012, OECD
• Indicators. Gemmell, Norman. "Evaluating The Impacts of Human Capital Stocks and Accumulation on Economic Growth: Some New Evidence " Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics 58.1, 1996, 9-28.
• Glomm, G., and B. Ravikumar, “Public versus Private Investment in Human Capital: Endogenous Growth and Income Inequality,” Journal of Political Economy, 100, 1992, 818–834.
• Im, K. L., Pesaran, M. H. and Shin, Y., “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115, 2003, 53–74.
• Jorgenson, Dale W., ve Barbara M. Fraumeni. "Education and productivity growth in a market economy." Atlantic Economic Journal 21.2, 1993, 1-25
• Keller, Katarina RI. "Investment in primary, secondary, and higher education and the effects on economic growth." Contemporary Economic Policy, 24.1, 2006, 18- 34.
• Krueger, Alan B., ve Mikael Lindahl. Education for Growth in Sweden and the World. No. w7190. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.
• Levin, Andrew, Lin, Chien-Fu ve Chia-Shang James CHU, “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finitesample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 2002, 1-24.
• Lucas, R. E., “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 1998, 3–42.
• Mankiw, N. G., D. Romer, and D. N. Weil, “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 152, 1992, 407–437.
• Nelson, Richard, and Edmund Phelps "Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economic Growth." American Economic Review, 56, 1966, 69-75.
• Pedroni, Peter, “Critical Values for Cointegrated Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors”, Oxford Bulletin Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, November,1999, 653-670.
• Pedroni, Peter, “Fully Modified OLS for Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels”, Advances in Econometrics, Vulume: 15, 2000, 93-130.
• Pedroni, Peter, “Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Volume: 83, No: 4, 2001, 727-731.
• Pedroni, Peter, “Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis”, Econometric Theory, Volume: 20, Issue: 3, June, 2004, 597-625.
• Psacharopoulos, George, and Harry Anthony Patrinos*. "Returns to investment in education: a further update." Education economics 12.2, 2004, 111-134.
• Romer, P.M., “Endogenous technological change,” Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 1990, 71–102.
• Taban, Sami ve Kar, Muhsin. , Beşeri Sermaye ve Kalkınma, Kalkınma Ekonomisi (Seçme Konular), Ekin Kitabevi, Bursa, 2004.
• Türkmen, F., Eğitimin Ekonomik ve Sosyal Faydaları ve Türkiye’de Eğitim- Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Araştırılması, DPT, Uzmanlık Tezi. Yayın no: DPT: 2665. Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2002.
• World Bank, Public spending on education, total (% of GDP).
• http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, 17.08.2012]. [İndirme
• Tarihi: Wykstra, R. A, Education and the Economics of Human Capital. New York: Free Pres, 1971.