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KRİZE KARŞI ALTERNATİFLER: PANDEMİ SONRASINDA TARIM GIDA ALANINDAKİ TOPLULUK-TEMELLİ DAYANIŞMA PRATİKLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 82, 148 - 172, 25.06.2023

Öz

Covid-19 pandemisi boyunca derinleşen toplumsal ve ekonomik krizin gıda tedarik zincirleri üzerinde de derin etkileri oldu. Bu makale, ağırlaşan gıda krizi karşısında kapitalist ilişkilere hiçbir zaman tam olarak eklemlenemeyen tarım-gıda alanının dönüşümünü sosyo-tarihsel bağlamı içinde ele almayı, pandeminin yarattığı etkileri ve buna karşı üretilen yanıtları tartışmayı amaçlıyor. Bu bağlamda makale, öncelikle yaşanmakta olan gıda krizini tarım ve gıdada ticarileşme ve şirketleşmenin etkileri üzerinden ele alacak, ardından pandemi döneminin gıda krizini derinleştirici etkilerine değinecektir. Son olarak, kapitalist piyasa ilişkilerine eleştirel yaklaşan sosyal ve topluluk destekli girişimlerin hem küresel ölçekte hem de Türkiye’de nasıl daha fazla toplumsal meşruiyete sahip bir alternatif haline geldiği tartışılacaktır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Galatasaray Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

1080

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Galatasaray Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından #1080 no’lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AA (2020), “Tarım ve Orman Bakanı Pakdemirli: 2021'de üreticilerimize 23 milyar lira destek vereceğiz”, Anadolu Ajansı, 05.11.2020. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/tarim-ve-orman-bakani-pakdemirli-2021de-ureticilerimize-23-milyar-lira-destek-verecegiz/2032936 (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023)
  • Altieri, Miguel A./Nicholls Clara I. (2020) “Agroecology and the reconstruction of a post-COVID-19 agriculture”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:5, 881-898, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1782891
  • Araghi, Farshad (2009). “Accumulation by Displacement: Global Enclosures, Food Crisis, and the Ecological Contradictions of Capitalism”, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), vol. 32, no. 1, 2009, pp. 113–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40647791.
  • Albo, Greg (2021), “Postcapitalism: Alternatives or Detours?” Beyond Digital Capitalism: New Ways of Living: Socialist Register 2021, 310-330.
  • Atasoy, Yıldız (2013). Supermarket Expansion in Turkey: Shifting Relations of Food Provisioning. Journal of Agrarian Change, 13(4), 547-570.
  • Bernstein, Henry (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change. Halifax, N.S. : Sterling, VA: Fernwood Pub. ; Kumarian Press
  • Bernstein, Henry (2006). “Is there an agrarian question in the 21st century?”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement, 27(4), 449-460.
  • Birgün, 2021, “Kadıköy Kooperatifi: Üreticilerle aracısız buluşuyoruz”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/kadikoy-kooperatifi-ureticilerle-aracisiz-bulusuyoruz-337716, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Birgün, 2021, “YerDeniz Kooperatifi: İşletişte Herkes Eşit”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/yerdeniz-kooperatifi-isleyiste-herkes-esit-337727, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Chadwick, Anna (2019). Neoliberalism and the Financialization of Agriculture, Law and the Political Economy of Hunger. (Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Mar. 2019), 49-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823940.003.0003.
  • Clarke, John (2008), “Living with/in and without neo-liberalism”, Focaal, 51, pp. 135–147.
  • İBB. (2022). Tarımsal Faaliyetler 2020-2021-2022.
  • İBB. (2021). İstanbul Gıda Stratejisi Belgesi.
  • Chatterton, Paul/Pickerill, Jenny (2010), “Everyday activism and transitions towards post‐capitalist worlds”, Transactions of the institute of British Geographers, 35(4), 475-490.
  • Clapp, Jennifer/Moseley, William G. (2020), “This food crisis is different: COVID-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:7, 1393-1417, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1823838
  • CSocD59 (2021), Report of the Secretary-General: Socially just transition towards sustainable development: the role of digital technologies on social development and well-being of all (E/CN.5/2021/3), Commission for Social Development Fifty-ninth session 8-17.02.2021, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N20/328/08/PDF/N2032808.pdf
  • De Angelis, Massimo (2007). The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Pluto Press.
  • ILO. (2022). Genel Tartışma Komitesi Raporları: İnsana Yakışır İş ve Sosyal ve Dayanışma Ekonomisi. 110. Oturum Tutanakları.
  • FAO. (2020). Addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in food crises | April–December 2020. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8497en
  • FAO (Ed.). (2019). Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Rome: FAO.
  • Friedmann, H. (2005). Feeding the Empire: The Pathologies of Globalized Agriculture. Socialist Register, 41.
  • Davis, Mike (2006). Planet of slums. London ; New York: Verso.
  • Harvey, David (2001). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • Healy, S., Chitranshi, B., Diprose, G., Eskelinen, T., Madden, A., Santala, I., & Williams, M. (2020). Planetary Food Commons and Postcapitalist Post-COVID Food Futures. Development, 63(2-4), 277-284. doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00267-9
  • Holloway, John (2010), Crack capitalism. London: Pluto Press.
  • Ince, Ayca/Kadirbeyoglu, Zeynep (2020). “The politics of food: Commoning practices in alternative food networks in Istanbul” Özkan, Derya/Baykal Büyüksaraç, Güldem (Der.) Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics, (Londra: Routledge): 37-50
  • İPM (IPC), (2021), Sosyal Dayanışma Ekonomisi için Güçlü Kooperatifçilik, İngev. Hazar-Kalonya, Dalya/Ayalp, Ekrem/Karakaya Ayalp, Emel/Candan Demirkol, Esin/Ozden, Fatih/Yildiz, Mesut
  • Yüce/Kocagöz, Umut/Celik, Zerrin. (2020). Korona Günlerinde Tarim ve Gıda Politikalarını Yeniden Düşünmek [Re-thinking Farming and Food Policies in Corona Days]. Spektrum, 2, 117-119.
  • Karakaya Ayalp/Emel (2021), “Alternatif gıda ağları ve Türkiye’de yurttaş temelli gıda inisiyatifleri”, İdealkent, 12.33: 965-1005.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Nizam Bilgiç, Derya/Yenal, Zafer (2020, Temmuz 4). Covid-19, Tarım ve Gıda: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de neler yaşandı, neler yaşanacak? Sarkaç, https://sarkac.org/2020/07/covid-19-tarim-ve-gida-dunyada-ve-turkiyede-neler-yasandi-neler-yasanacak/, Son erişim: 09 Haziran 2023.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Tabak, Faruk (Der.) (1991). Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East: Globalization, Revolution, and Popular Culture. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Yenal, Zafer (2013). Bildiğimiz tarımın sonu: Küresel iktidar ve köylülük (1. baskı). Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Koretskaya, Olga/Feola, Giuseppe (2020). A framework for recognizing diversity beyond capitalism in agri-food systems. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 302-313. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.002
  • Marsden, Terry/Whatmore, Sarah (1994). Finance Capital and Food System Restructuring: National Incorporation of Global Dynamics. McMichael, Philip (Der.), The Global restructuring of agro-food systems (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press): 107-128
  • Marsden, Terry/Moragues-Faus, Ana/Sonnino, Roberta (2019). “Reproducing vulnerabilities in agri-food systems: Tracing the links between governance, financialization, and vulnerability in Europe post 2007–2008”, Journal of Agrarian Change; 19: 82– 100. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12267
  • Mengi, Ayşegül/Çınar, Tayfun/Keleş, Ruşen (2017) “Transformation of rural lands into urban uses: impact upon environmental assets in Turkey”. Hepperle, Erwin/Dixon-Gough, Robert/Mansberger, Reinfried/Paulsson, Jenny/Hernik, Józef/Kalbro, Thomas (Der.) Land ownership and land use development: the integration of past, present, and future in spatial planning and land management policies. (Zürih: VDF): 221-227.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra (2022). “Social reproduction and pandemic neoliberalism: Planetary crises and the reorganisation of life, work and death”. Organization, 29(3), 379-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221074042
  • McMichael, Philip (2022). Gıda Rejimleri ve Tarım Sorunları (D. Avcı, Çev.). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • McMichael, Philip (2006). “Peasant prospects in the neoliberal age”, New Political Economy, 11(3), 407-418.
  • Moragues-Faus, Ana/Marsden, Terry/Adlerová, Barbora/Hausmanová, Tereza (2020). “Building Diverse, Distributive, and Territorialized Agrifood Economies to Deliver Sustainability and Food Security”, Economic Geography, 96(3), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2020.1749047
  • Nizam, Derya (2021). Pandemi Sürecinde Tarım Sorununu Yeniden Düşünmek. Praksis, 55, 151 - 173.
  • OECD (2022), OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2022, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/14108660-en.
  • Öztürk, Murat/Jongerden, Joost/Hilton, Andy (2021), “Agriculture and rural life in Turkey” Jongerden, Joost (Der.), The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey (Londra: Routledge): 322-334.
  • Shiva, Vandana (2022). Agroecology & Regenerative Agriculture: Sustainable Solutions for Hunger, Poverty, and Climate Change, Santa Fe, NM: Synergetic Press.
  • Shiva, Vandana (1991) The violence of the green revolution: third world agriculture, ecology and politics, New York: Zed Books.
  • Tilzey, Mark (2018). Political Ecology, Food Regimes, and Food Sovereignty. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64556-8
  • TMMOB (2022), “Açlık Kaderimiz Değil!”, Basın Açıklaması, 23.09.2022. https://www.gidamo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=12062&tipi=2&sube=0
  • TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası (2020), “2021 Yılı Ülkemiz Tarım Sektörü için Hüsran Yılı Olacaktır. Çiftçilere Yapılacak 2021 Destekleri; Hayret, Gayret, Sabret Devrini Bitirdi!”, Basın Açıklaması, 14 Aralık 2020.
  • TÜİK (2022). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt İstatistikleri – 2012-2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
  • TÜİK (2023). “Kent-Kır Nüfus İstatistikleri, 2022: Sürdürülebilir yeni kent-kır tanımı oluşturuldu”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, sayı 49755, tarih 11 Mayıs 2023 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755&dil=1
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2018). Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision.
  • Türkkan, Candan (2021). Gıda Egemenliği: Pandemi Sonrası Bir Dünya İçin Panzehir. Salgın Sonrası İçin Ekolojik Manifestolar. Mekanda Adalet Derneği.
  • Williams, Gavin (1994) Land and Freedom: an Outline. Working Paper No. 12, Centre for Social and Development Studies, University of Natal, Durban.
  • Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (2019). Belediyeler ve Kooperatifler Ekseninde Türkiye Tarımında Alternatif Kamusallık Deneyimleri; Olanaklar ve Sınırlar. İçinde Öngel, F. Serkan/Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (Der.), Krize karşı kooperatifler: Deneyimler, tartışmalar, alternatifler (1. baskı, ss. 25-78). Kadıköy, İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 82, 148 - 172, 25.06.2023

Öz

Proje Numarası

1080

Kaynakça

  • AA (2020), “Tarım ve Orman Bakanı Pakdemirli: 2021'de üreticilerimize 23 milyar lira destek vereceğiz”, Anadolu Ajansı, 05.11.2020. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/tarim-ve-orman-bakani-pakdemirli-2021de-ureticilerimize-23-milyar-lira-destek-verecegiz/2032936 (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023)
  • Altieri, Miguel A./Nicholls Clara I. (2020) “Agroecology and the reconstruction of a post-COVID-19 agriculture”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:5, 881-898, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1782891
  • Araghi, Farshad (2009). “Accumulation by Displacement: Global Enclosures, Food Crisis, and the Ecological Contradictions of Capitalism”, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), vol. 32, no. 1, 2009, pp. 113–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40647791.
  • Albo, Greg (2021), “Postcapitalism: Alternatives or Detours?” Beyond Digital Capitalism: New Ways of Living: Socialist Register 2021, 310-330.
  • Atasoy, Yıldız (2013). Supermarket Expansion in Turkey: Shifting Relations of Food Provisioning. Journal of Agrarian Change, 13(4), 547-570.
  • Bernstein, Henry (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change. Halifax, N.S. : Sterling, VA: Fernwood Pub. ; Kumarian Press
  • Bernstein, Henry (2006). “Is there an agrarian question in the 21st century?”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement, 27(4), 449-460.
  • Birgün, 2021, “Kadıköy Kooperatifi: Üreticilerle aracısız buluşuyoruz”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/kadikoy-kooperatifi-ureticilerle-aracisiz-bulusuyoruz-337716, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Birgün, 2021, “YerDeniz Kooperatifi: İşletişte Herkes Eşit”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/yerdeniz-kooperatifi-isleyiste-herkes-esit-337727, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Chadwick, Anna (2019). Neoliberalism and the Financialization of Agriculture, Law and the Political Economy of Hunger. (Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Mar. 2019), 49-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823940.003.0003.
  • Clarke, John (2008), “Living with/in and without neo-liberalism”, Focaal, 51, pp. 135–147.
  • İBB. (2022). Tarımsal Faaliyetler 2020-2021-2022.
  • İBB. (2021). İstanbul Gıda Stratejisi Belgesi.
  • Chatterton, Paul/Pickerill, Jenny (2010), “Everyday activism and transitions towards post‐capitalist worlds”, Transactions of the institute of British Geographers, 35(4), 475-490.
  • Clapp, Jennifer/Moseley, William G. (2020), “This food crisis is different: COVID-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:7, 1393-1417, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1823838
  • CSocD59 (2021), Report of the Secretary-General: Socially just transition towards sustainable development: the role of digital technologies on social development and well-being of all (E/CN.5/2021/3), Commission for Social Development Fifty-ninth session 8-17.02.2021, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N20/328/08/PDF/N2032808.pdf
  • De Angelis, Massimo (2007). The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Pluto Press.
  • ILO. (2022). Genel Tartışma Komitesi Raporları: İnsana Yakışır İş ve Sosyal ve Dayanışma Ekonomisi. 110. Oturum Tutanakları.
  • FAO. (2020). Addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in food crises | April–December 2020. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8497en
  • FAO (Ed.). (2019). Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Rome: FAO.
  • Friedmann, H. (2005). Feeding the Empire: The Pathologies of Globalized Agriculture. Socialist Register, 41.
  • Davis, Mike (2006). Planet of slums. London ; New York: Verso.
  • Harvey, David (2001). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • Healy, S., Chitranshi, B., Diprose, G., Eskelinen, T., Madden, A., Santala, I., & Williams, M. (2020). Planetary Food Commons and Postcapitalist Post-COVID Food Futures. Development, 63(2-4), 277-284. doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00267-9
  • Holloway, John (2010), Crack capitalism. London: Pluto Press.
  • Ince, Ayca/Kadirbeyoglu, Zeynep (2020). “The politics of food: Commoning practices in alternative food networks in Istanbul” Özkan, Derya/Baykal Büyüksaraç, Güldem (Der.) Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics, (Londra: Routledge): 37-50
  • İPM (IPC), (2021), Sosyal Dayanışma Ekonomisi için Güçlü Kooperatifçilik, İngev. Hazar-Kalonya, Dalya/Ayalp, Ekrem/Karakaya Ayalp, Emel/Candan Demirkol, Esin/Ozden, Fatih/Yildiz, Mesut
  • Yüce/Kocagöz, Umut/Celik, Zerrin. (2020). Korona Günlerinde Tarim ve Gıda Politikalarını Yeniden Düşünmek [Re-thinking Farming and Food Policies in Corona Days]. Spektrum, 2, 117-119.
  • Karakaya Ayalp/Emel (2021), “Alternatif gıda ağları ve Türkiye’de yurttaş temelli gıda inisiyatifleri”, İdealkent, 12.33: 965-1005.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Nizam Bilgiç, Derya/Yenal, Zafer (2020, Temmuz 4). Covid-19, Tarım ve Gıda: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de neler yaşandı, neler yaşanacak? Sarkaç, https://sarkac.org/2020/07/covid-19-tarim-ve-gida-dunyada-ve-turkiyede-neler-yasandi-neler-yasanacak/, Son erişim: 09 Haziran 2023.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Tabak, Faruk (Der.) (1991). Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East: Globalization, Revolution, and Popular Culture. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Yenal, Zafer (2013). Bildiğimiz tarımın sonu: Küresel iktidar ve köylülük (1. baskı). Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Koretskaya, Olga/Feola, Giuseppe (2020). A framework for recognizing diversity beyond capitalism in agri-food systems. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 302-313. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.002
  • Marsden, Terry/Whatmore, Sarah (1994). Finance Capital and Food System Restructuring: National Incorporation of Global Dynamics. McMichael, Philip (Der.), The Global restructuring of agro-food systems (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press): 107-128
  • Marsden, Terry/Moragues-Faus, Ana/Sonnino, Roberta (2019). “Reproducing vulnerabilities in agri-food systems: Tracing the links between governance, financialization, and vulnerability in Europe post 2007–2008”, Journal of Agrarian Change; 19: 82– 100. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12267
  • Mengi, Ayşegül/Çınar, Tayfun/Keleş, Ruşen (2017) “Transformation of rural lands into urban uses: impact upon environmental assets in Turkey”. Hepperle, Erwin/Dixon-Gough, Robert/Mansberger, Reinfried/Paulsson, Jenny/Hernik, Józef/Kalbro, Thomas (Der.) Land ownership and land use development: the integration of past, present, and future in spatial planning and land management policies. (Zürih: VDF): 221-227.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra (2022). “Social reproduction and pandemic neoliberalism: Planetary crises and the reorganisation of life, work and death”. Organization, 29(3), 379-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221074042
  • McMichael, Philip (2022). Gıda Rejimleri ve Tarım Sorunları (D. Avcı, Çev.). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • McMichael, Philip (2006). “Peasant prospects in the neoliberal age”, New Political Economy, 11(3), 407-418.
  • Moragues-Faus, Ana/Marsden, Terry/Adlerová, Barbora/Hausmanová, Tereza (2020). “Building Diverse, Distributive, and Territorialized Agrifood Economies to Deliver Sustainability and Food Security”, Economic Geography, 96(3), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2020.1749047
  • Nizam, Derya (2021). Pandemi Sürecinde Tarım Sorununu Yeniden Düşünmek. Praksis, 55, 151 - 173.
  • OECD (2022), OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2022, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/14108660-en.
  • Öztürk, Murat/Jongerden, Joost/Hilton, Andy (2021), “Agriculture and rural life in Turkey” Jongerden, Joost (Der.), The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey (Londra: Routledge): 322-334.
  • Shiva, Vandana (2022). Agroecology & Regenerative Agriculture: Sustainable Solutions for Hunger, Poverty, and Climate Change, Santa Fe, NM: Synergetic Press.
  • Shiva, Vandana (1991) The violence of the green revolution: third world agriculture, ecology and politics, New York: Zed Books.
  • Tilzey, Mark (2018). Political Ecology, Food Regimes, and Food Sovereignty. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64556-8
  • TMMOB (2022), “Açlık Kaderimiz Değil!”, Basın Açıklaması, 23.09.2022. https://www.gidamo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=12062&tipi=2&sube=0
  • TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası (2020), “2021 Yılı Ülkemiz Tarım Sektörü için Hüsran Yılı Olacaktır. Çiftçilere Yapılacak 2021 Destekleri; Hayret, Gayret, Sabret Devrini Bitirdi!”, Basın Açıklaması, 14 Aralık 2020.
  • TÜİK (2022). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt İstatistikleri – 2012-2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
  • TÜİK (2023). “Kent-Kır Nüfus İstatistikleri, 2022: Sürdürülebilir yeni kent-kır tanımı oluşturuldu”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, sayı 49755, tarih 11 Mayıs 2023 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755&dil=1
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2018). Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision.
  • Türkkan, Candan (2021). Gıda Egemenliği: Pandemi Sonrası Bir Dünya İçin Panzehir. Salgın Sonrası İçin Ekolojik Manifestolar. Mekanda Adalet Derneği.
  • Williams, Gavin (1994) Land and Freedom: an Outline. Working Paper No. 12, Centre for Social and Development Studies, University of Natal, Durban.
  • Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (2019). Belediyeler ve Kooperatifler Ekseninde Türkiye Tarımında Alternatif Kamusallık Deneyimleri; Olanaklar ve Sınırlar. İçinde Öngel, F. Serkan/Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (Der.), Krize karşı kooperatifler: Deneyimler, tartışmalar, alternatifler (1. baskı, ss. 25-78). Kadıköy, İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 82, 148 - 172, 25.06.2023

Öz

Proje Numarası

1080

Kaynakça

  • AA (2020), “Tarım ve Orman Bakanı Pakdemirli: 2021'de üreticilerimize 23 milyar lira destek vereceğiz”, Anadolu Ajansı, 05.11.2020. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/tarim-ve-orman-bakani-pakdemirli-2021de-ureticilerimize-23-milyar-lira-destek-verecegiz/2032936 (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023)
  • Altieri, Miguel A./Nicholls Clara I. (2020) “Agroecology and the reconstruction of a post-COVID-19 agriculture”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:5, 881-898, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1782891
  • Araghi, Farshad (2009). “Accumulation by Displacement: Global Enclosures, Food Crisis, and the Ecological Contradictions of Capitalism”, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), vol. 32, no. 1, 2009, pp. 113–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40647791.
  • Albo, Greg (2021), “Postcapitalism: Alternatives or Detours?” Beyond Digital Capitalism: New Ways of Living: Socialist Register 2021, 310-330.
  • Atasoy, Yıldız (2013). Supermarket Expansion in Turkey: Shifting Relations of Food Provisioning. Journal of Agrarian Change, 13(4), 547-570.
  • Bernstein, Henry (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change. Halifax, N.S. : Sterling, VA: Fernwood Pub. ; Kumarian Press
  • Bernstein, Henry (2006). “Is there an agrarian question in the 21st century?”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement, 27(4), 449-460.
  • Birgün, 2021, “Kadıköy Kooperatifi: Üreticilerle aracısız buluşuyoruz”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/kadikoy-kooperatifi-ureticilerle-aracisiz-bulusuyoruz-337716, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Birgün, 2021, “YerDeniz Kooperatifi: İşletişte Herkes Eşit”, https://www.birgun.net/haber/yerdeniz-kooperatifi-isleyiste-herkes-esit-337727, (Son Erişim: 05/02/2023).
  • Chadwick, Anna (2019). Neoliberalism and the Financialization of Agriculture, Law and the Political Economy of Hunger. (Oxford, 2019; online edn, Oxford Academic, 21 Mar. 2019), 49-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823940.003.0003.
  • Clarke, John (2008), “Living with/in and without neo-liberalism”, Focaal, 51, pp. 135–147.
  • İBB. (2022). Tarımsal Faaliyetler 2020-2021-2022.
  • İBB. (2021). İstanbul Gıda Stratejisi Belgesi.
  • Chatterton, Paul/Pickerill, Jenny (2010), “Everyday activism and transitions towards post‐capitalist worlds”, Transactions of the institute of British Geographers, 35(4), 475-490.
  • Clapp, Jennifer/Moseley, William G. (2020), “This food crisis is different: COVID-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47:7, 1393-1417, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1823838
  • CSocD59 (2021), Report of the Secretary-General: Socially just transition towards sustainable development: the role of digital technologies on social development and well-being of all (E/CN.5/2021/3), Commission for Social Development Fifty-ninth session 8-17.02.2021, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N20/328/08/PDF/N2032808.pdf
  • De Angelis, Massimo (2007). The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Pluto Press.
  • ILO. (2022). Genel Tartışma Komitesi Raporları: İnsana Yakışır İş ve Sosyal ve Dayanışma Ekonomisi. 110. Oturum Tutanakları.
  • FAO. (2020). Addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in food crises | April–December 2020. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8497en
  • FAO (Ed.). (2019). Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Rome: FAO.
  • Friedmann, H. (2005). Feeding the Empire: The Pathologies of Globalized Agriculture. Socialist Register, 41.
  • Davis, Mike (2006). Planet of slums. London ; New York: Verso.
  • Harvey, David (2001). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
  • Healy, S., Chitranshi, B., Diprose, G., Eskelinen, T., Madden, A., Santala, I., & Williams, M. (2020). Planetary Food Commons and Postcapitalist Post-COVID Food Futures. Development, 63(2-4), 277-284. doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00267-9
  • Holloway, John (2010), Crack capitalism. London: Pluto Press.
  • Ince, Ayca/Kadirbeyoglu, Zeynep (2020). “The politics of food: Commoning practices in alternative food networks in Istanbul” Özkan, Derya/Baykal Büyüksaraç, Güldem (Der.) Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics, (Londra: Routledge): 37-50
  • İPM (IPC), (2021), Sosyal Dayanışma Ekonomisi için Güçlü Kooperatifçilik, İngev. Hazar-Kalonya, Dalya/Ayalp, Ekrem/Karakaya Ayalp, Emel/Candan Demirkol, Esin/Ozden, Fatih/Yildiz, Mesut
  • Yüce/Kocagöz, Umut/Celik, Zerrin. (2020). Korona Günlerinde Tarim ve Gıda Politikalarını Yeniden Düşünmek [Re-thinking Farming and Food Policies in Corona Days]. Spektrum, 2, 117-119.
  • Karakaya Ayalp/Emel (2021), “Alternatif gıda ağları ve Türkiye’de yurttaş temelli gıda inisiyatifleri”, İdealkent, 12.33: 965-1005.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Nizam Bilgiç, Derya/Yenal, Zafer (2020, Temmuz 4). Covid-19, Tarım ve Gıda: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de neler yaşandı, neler yaşanacak? Sarkaç, https://sarkac.org/2020/07/covid-19-tarim-ve-gida-dunyada-ve-turkiyede-neler-yasandi-neler-yasanacak/, Son erişim: 09 Haziran 2023.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Tabak, Faruk (Der.) (1991). Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East: Globalization, Revolution, and Popular Culture. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Keyder, Çağlar/Yenal, Zafer (2013). Bildiğimiz tarımın sonu: Küresel iktidar ve köylülük (1. baskı). Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Koretskaya, Olga/Feola, Giuseppe (2020). A framework for recognizing diversity beyond capitalism in agri-food systems. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 302-313. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.002
  • Marsden, Terry/Whatmore, Sarah (1994). Finance Capital and Food System Restructuring: National Incorporation of Global Dynamics. McMichael, Philip (Der.), The Global restructuring of agro-food systems (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press): 107-128
  • Marsden, Terry/Moragues-Faus, Ana/Sonnino, Roberta (2019). “Reproducing vulnerabilities in agri-food systems: Tracing the links between governance, financialization, and vulnerability in Europe post 2007–2008”, Journal of Agrarian Change; 19: 82– 100. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12267
  • Mengi, Ayşegül/Çınar, Tayfun/Keleş, Ruşen (2017) “Transformation of rural lands into urban uses: impact upon environmental assets in Turkey”. Hepperle, Erwin/Dixon-Gough, Robert/Mansberger, Reinfried/Paulsson, Jenny/Hernik, Józef/Kalbro, Thomas (Der.) Land ownership and land use development: the integration of past, present, and future in spatial planning and land management policies. (Zürih: VDF): 221-227.
  • Mezzadri, Alessandra (2022). “Social reproduction and pandemic neoliberalism: Planetary crises and the reorganisation of life, work and death”. Organization, 29(3), 379-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221074042
  • McMichael, Philip (2022). Gıda Rejimleri ve Tarım Sorunları (D. Avcı, Çev.). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • McMichael, Philip (2006). “Peasant prospects in the neoliberal age”, New Political Economy, 11(3), 407-418.
  • Moragues-Faus, Ana/Marsden, Terry/Adlerová, Barbora/Hausmanová, Tereza (2020). “Building Diverse, Distributive, and Territorialized Agrifood Economies to Deliver Sustainability and Food Security”, Economic Geography, 96(3), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2020.1749047
  • Nizam, Derya (2021). Pandemi Sürecinde Tarım Sorununu Yeniden Düşünmek. Praksis, 55, 151 - 173.
  • OECD (2022), OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2022, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/14108660-en.
  • Öztürk, Murat/Jongerden, Joost/Hilton, Andy (2021), “Agriculture and rural life in Turkey” Jongerden, Joost (Der.), The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey (Londra: Routledge): 322-334.
  • Shiva, Vandana (2022). Agroecology & Regenerative Agriculture: Sustainable Solutions for Hunger, Poverty, and Climate Change, Santa Fe, NM: Synergetic Press.
  • Shiva, Vandana (1991) The violence of the green revolution: third world agriculture, ecology and politics, New York: Zed Books.
  • Tilzey, Mark (2018). Political Ecology, Food Regimes, and Food Sovereignty. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64556-8
  • TMMOB (2022), “Açlık Kaderimiz Değil!”, Basın Açıklaması, 23.09.2022. https://www.gidamo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=12062&tipi=2&sube=0
  • TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası (2020), “2021 Yılı Ülkemiz Tarım Sektörü için Hüsran Yılı Olacaktır. Çiftçilere Yapılacak 2021 Destekleri; Hayret, Gayret, Sabret Devrini Bitirdi!”, Basın Açıklaması, 14 Aralık 2020.
  • TÜİK (2022). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt İstatistikleri – 2012-2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
  • TÜİK (2023). “Kent-Kır Nüfus İstatistikleri, 2022: Sürdürülebilir yeni kent-kır tanımı oluşturuldu”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, sayı 49755, tarih 11 Mayıs 2023 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755&dil=1
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2018). Population Division World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision.
  • Türkkan, Candan (2021). Gıda Egemenliği: Pandemi Sonrası Bir Dünya İçin Panzehir. Salgın Sonrası İçin Ekolojik Manifestolar. Mekanda Adalet Derneği.
  • Williams, Gavin (1994) Land and Freedom: an Outline. Working Paper No. 12, Centre for Social and Development Studies, University of Natal, Durban.
  • Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (2019). Belediyeler ve Kooperatifler Ekseninde Türkiye Tarımında Alternatif Kamusallık Deneyimleri; Olanaklar ve Sınırlar. İçinde Öngel, F. Serkan/Yıldırım, Uygar Dursun (Der.), Krize karşı kooperatifler: Deneyimler, tartışmalar, alternatifler (1. baskı, ss. 25-78). Kadıköy, İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aybala Ertekin 0000-0001-9822-7307

Cemil Yıldızcan 0000-0002-6086-9053

Proje Numarası 1080
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 82

Kaynak Göster

APA Ertekin, A., & Yıldızcan, C. (2023). KRİZE KARŞI ALTERNATİFLER: PANDEMİ SONRASINDA TARIM GIDA ALANINDAKİ TOPLULUK-TEMELLİ DAYANIŞMA PRATİKLERİ. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 21(82), 148-172.