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When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets

Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 11 Ağustos 2026
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When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets

Öz

This paper asks not whether tree-based machine-learning models beat a random walk in forecasting energy inflation, but under which conditions they fail to. We use monthly energy consumer price index data for Türkiye, South Africa, Mexico and Poland for 2002–2022, keeping the information set deliberately small and univariate. One-step-ahead forecasts from a random walk, an AR(1), two linear models (ordinary least squares and ridge) and two tree-based models (gradient boosting and random forest) are compared using the Diebold-Mariano and conditional Giacomini-White tests. On average no estimated model beats the random walk, and in some countries the tree-based models are significantly worse. More important, performance depends on the inflation regime: tree-based models lose accuracy against the random walk when inflation is high. The pattern runs in the same direction across countries and estimation windows, though its pooled significance is sensitive to how cross-country dependence is treated. The evidence fits a structural explanation: tree-based methods cannot predict outside the range of their training data, so their flexibility becomes a disadvantage once energy inflation rises far above past values. During inflation crises in emerging markets, simple benchmarks remain hard to beat, and models should be evaluated conditionally rather than on average.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Alquist, R., Kilian, L., & Vigfusson, R. J. (2013). Forecasting the price of oil. In G. Elliott & A. Timmermann (Eds.), Handbook of economic forecasting (Vol. 2A, pp. 427–507). Elsevier.
  2. Atkeson, A., & Ohanian, L. E. (2001). Are Phillips curves useful for forecasting inflation? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 25(1), 2–11.
  3. Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5–32.
  4. Clark, T. E., & West, K. D. (2007). Approximately normal tests for equal predictive accuracy in nested models. Journal of Econometrics, 138(1), 291–311.
  5. Clements, M. P., & Hendry, D. F. (2006). Forecasting with breaks. In G. Elliott, C. W. J. Granger, & A. Timmermann (Eds.), Handbook of economic forecasting (Vol. 1, pp. 605–657). Elsevier.
  6. Diebold, F. X. (2015). Comparing predictive accuracy, twenty years later: A personal perspective on the use and abuse of Diebold–Mariano tests. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 33(1), 1–9.
  7. Diebold, F. X., & Mariano, R. S. (1995). Comparing predictive accuracy. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 13(3), 253–263.
  8. Faust, J., & Wright, J. H. (2013). Forecasting inflation. In G. Elliott & A. Timmermann (Eds.), Handbook of economic forecasting (Vol. 2A, pp. 2–56). Elsevier.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları, Uygulamalı Makro Ekonometri, Enflasyon

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

11 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

4 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
İldeş, E. C. (2026). When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters, 1(1), 27-41. https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK
AMA
1.İldeş EC. When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters. 2026;1(1):27-41. https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK
Chicago
İldeş, Erol Can. 2026. “When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets”. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters 1 (1): 27-41. https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK.
EndNote
İldeş EC (01 Ağustos 2026) When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters 1 1 27–41.
IEEE
[1]E. C. İldeş, “When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets”, Economic & Financial Analysis Letters, c. 1, sy 1, ss. 27–41, Ağu. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK
ISNAD
İldeş, Erol Can. “When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets”. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters 1/1 (01 Ağustos 2026): 27-41. https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK.
JAMA
1.İldeş EC. When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters. 2026;1:27–41.
MLA
İldeş, Erol Can. “When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets”. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters, c. 1, sy 1, Ağustos 2026, ss. 27-41, https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK.
Vancouver
1.Erol Can İldeş. When Do Tree-Based Models Fail? Evidence from Energy Inflation Forecasting in Emerging Markets. Economic & Financial Analysis Letters [Internet]. 01 Ağustos 2026;1(1):27-41. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA66FL92MK

Economic & Financial Analysis Letters (EFL) | e-ISSN: [e-ISSN — ilk sayı ile birlikte eklenecek] Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi tarafından yayımlanır. İletişim: efljournal@aybu.edu.tr Yayımlanan çalışmalardaki görüşler yazarlarına aittir ve derginin resmî görüşünü yansıtmaz. Bu dergide yayımlanan çalışmalar CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.