Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 218 - 239, 30.12.2025

Öz

Purpose – The aim of this research is to examine how biomimicry education, which is an important applied field in terms of sustainability, is experienced and interpreted by university students studying management information systems and software engineering within the framework of expectation theory.
Design/data/methodology – In the first phase of the research, students were educated on the field of biomimicry within the context of a STEM-based programme. In the second phase, students were asked to develop ideas inspired by nature; these ideas were shared with primary and secondary school students within the scope of TÜBİTAK Science Talks. Eight months after the educational process, interviews were conducted to evaluate participants' expectations and experiences regarding sustainability. The study employed a phenomenological framework to conduct in-depth qualitative research, using semi-structured questions based on expectation theory.
Findings – Biomimicry training has supported the development of creativity. However, the ideas developed after the training could not be implemented. It is believed that individuals need to be included in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in order to meet expectations in this process. Moreover, it has been found that sustainability-related studies are more beneficial when carried out in close contact with nature and as a team.
Originality/value – The original value of this research consists in examining biomimicry education in technology-focused disciplines within the framework of Expectancy Theory and evaluating its long-term effects using a phenomenological approach. Furthermore, the fact that students pass on their nature-inspired ideas to younger generations through social interaction adds a different value to the study.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was received from Gumushane University with the number E-95674917-108.99-282478 on 20.09.2024.

Destekleyen Kurum

Gumushane Unıversity

Teşekkür

I would like to express my gratitude to all students studying in the Management Information Systems and Software Engineering departments who voluntarily participated in this research and contributed their time. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Handan Çam and her colleagues for their valuable contributions and support in facilitating the students' participation in the research.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgüzel, O. C., Küçükkayhan, S., Yapıcıoğlu, D. K. & Kara, D. A. (2024). The effects of Teaching Practices Based on Biomimicry Approach on Learning-Teaching Processes. Participatory Educational Research, 11(3), 109-125. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.37.11.3
  • Akduman, B., & Taşdelen, B. (2021). Beklenti teorisi ve hedonizmin marka bağımlılığı yaratmadaki etkisinin Zen Pırlanta üzerinden incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(2), 1068–1096. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.919587
  • Amer, N. (2019). Biomimetic approach in architectural education: case study of ‘biomimicry in architecture’course. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10(3), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2018.11.005
  • Autumn, K., et al.,(2000). Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature, 405(6787), 681-685.
  • Avcı, F. (2019). Doğa ve inovasyon: okullarda biyomimikri. Anadolu Öğretmen Dergisi, 3(2), 214-233.
  • Bar Cohen, Y. (Ed.). (2012). Biomimetics: Nature based innovation. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Barthlott, W., & Neinhuis, C. (1997). Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces. Planta, 202(1), 1-8.
  • Benyus, J. M. (1998). Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by nature. New York, NY: William Morrow & Company.
  • Benyus, J. M. (2002). Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Harper Perennial.
  • Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: A systematic evidence map. International journal of educational technology in higher education, 17(1), 1- 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
  • Bybee, R. W. (2010). Advancing STEM Education: A 2020 Vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30–35.
  • Canbazoğlu Bilici, S., Küpeli, M. A., & Guzey, S. S. (2021). Inspired by nature: An engineering design-based biomimicry activity. Science Activities, 58(2), https://doi.org/10.1080/00368121.2021.1918049
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • El-Zeiny, R. M. A. (2012). Biomimicry as a problem solving methodology in interior architecture. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 502–512.
  • Ergül, A. (2023). Analojik akıl Yürütmenin biyomimikri ile desteklenmesi: Doğa ile öğrenen çocuklar. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 879-904.
  • Freeman, S., et al., (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. PNAS, 111(23), 8410-8415.
  • García-Martínez, I., Pérez-Navío, E., Pérez-Ferra, M., & Quijano-López, R. (2021). Relationship between emotional intelligence, educational achievement and academic stress of pre-service teachers. Behavioral Sciences, 11(7), 95, 1- 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070095
  • Garris, C. P., & Fleck, B. (2022). Student evaluations of transitioned-online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 8(2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000229
  • Gencer, A. S., Doğan, H. & Bilen, K. (2020). Developing biomimicry STEM activity by querying the relationship between structure and function in organisms. Turkish Journal of Education, 9(1), 64-105. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.643785
  • Hasan, K., Ahmad, S., Liaf, A. F., Karimi, M., Ahmed, T., Shawon, M. A., & Mekhilef, S. (2024). Oceanic challenges to technological solutions: A review of autonomous underwater vehicle path technologies in biomimicry, control, navigation, and sensing. IEEE Access, 12, 46202-46231.
  • Illeris, K. (2018). A comprehensive understanding of human learning. In Contemporary theories of learning (pp. 1-14). Routledge.
  • Koçel, T. (2020). İşletme Yöneticiliği: Yönetim ve Organizasyon (18. Baskı). Beta Yayınları.
  • Kopman, V., & Porfiri, M. (2012). Design, modeling, and characterization of a miniature robotic fish for research and education in biomimetics and bioinspiration. IEEE/ASME Transactions on mechatronics, 18(2), 471-483.
  • Kuo, M., Barnes, M., & Jordan, C. (2022). Do experiences with nature promote learning? Converging evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship. High-quality outdoor learning, 47-66.
  • Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Expectancy theory of motivation: Motivating by altering expectations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-6.
  • McMichael, A. J. (2004). Environmental and social influences on emerging infectious diseases: past, present and future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1447), 1049-1058.
  • Metwally, W. M. (2025). Biomimicry and Green Architecture: Nature-Inspired Innovations for Sustainable Buildings. Sustainability, 17(16), 7223, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167223
  • Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing. (2025). Sustainable signals: Individual investors 2025. Retrieved from https://www.morganstanley.com/content/dam/msdotcom/en/assets/pdfs/2025_Sustainable_Signals_Individual_Investors_2025_report.pdf
  • Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. Suny Press.
  • Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological bulletin, 136(2), 257-301.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
  • Raman, R., Sreenivasan, A., Suresh, M., & Nedungadi, P. (2024). Mapping biomimicry research to sustainable development goals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 18613, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69230-9
  • Reap, J. (2010). Holistic biomimicry: A pedagogical framework for sustainable innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(4), 401-409.
  • Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832, 1–10.
  • Şen, H., Kaya, A., & Alpaslan, B. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik üzerine tarihsel ve güncel bir perspektif. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 29(107), 1-47.
  • Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J. & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933-958.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Tan, J., Melkoumian, N., Harvey, D., & Akmeliawati, R. (2025). Nature-Inspired Solutions for Sustainable Mining: Applications of NIAs, Swarm Robotics, and Other Biomimicry-Based Technologies. Biomimetics, 10(3), 181, 1-29.
  • Türe, D. D. (2023). Biyomimi̇kri ve Tersine Mühendisli̇k Temelli Stem Etkinliklerinin Tasarlanmasi Kimya Derslerinde Uygulanması ve Etki̇lili̇ğinin Değerlendiri̇lmesi (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), Marmara Universitesi. İstanbul.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2025). TDK online sözlük. Retrieved from https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. Wiley.
  • Wigfield, A. & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68-81.
  • Wigfield, A., & Ponnock, A. (2020). The Relevance of Expectancy–Value Theory to Understanding the Motivation and Achievement of Students with Cognitive and Emotional Special Needs: Focus on Depression and Anxiety. In Handbook of educational psychology and students with special needs (pp. 388-425). Routledge.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf
  • Xie, Y., Fang, M., & Shauman, K. (2015). STEM education. Annual review of sociology, 41(1), 331-357.
  • Yen, J., & Weissburg, M. (2016). Perspectives on biologically inspired design: Introduction to the collected contributions. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 11(1), 010201.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2016). STEM eğitim ve mühendislik uygulamaları. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 265-277.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2019). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının STEM eğitiminde biyomimikri uygulamalarına yönelik görüşleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 63-90.
  • Zhang, J., Kestem, L., Wommer, K. & Wanieck, K. (2025). Biomimetic tools: Insights and implications of a comprehensive analysis and classification. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 20(2), 026014, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/adaff6

Sürdürülebilir Bir Gelecek için Biyomimikri: Beklenti Teorisi Temelinde Nitel Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 218 - 239, 30.12.2025

Öz

Amaç – Bu araştırmanın amacı, sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli bir uygulama alanı olan biyomimikri eğitiminin, yönetim bilişim sistemleri ve yazılım mühendisliği alanlarında öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri tarafından beklenti kuramı çerçevesinde nasıl deneyimlendiğini ve anlamlandırıldığını incelemektir.
Tasarım/veri/metodoloji – Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında, STEM temelli bir program kapsamında öğrencilere biyomimikri konusu üzerine eğitim verilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, öğrencilerden doğadan ilham alan fikirler geliştirmeleri istenmiş; üretilen bu fikirler TÜBİTAK Bilim Söyleşileri kapsamında ilkokul ve lise öğrencileriyle paylaşılmıştır. Eğitim sürecinden sekiz ay sonra gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerde, katılımcıların sürdürülebilirlik alanına ilişkin beklenti ve deneyimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, beklenti kuramı temel alınarak öğrencilere yarı yapılandırılmış sorular yöneltilmiş ve süreç, fenomenoloji deseni çerçevesinde nitel araştırma yöntemiyle derinlemesine incelenmiştir.
Bulgular – Biyomimikri eğitimi yaratıcılığın gelişmesi konusunda destek sağlamıştır. Fakat eğitim sonrası geliştirilen fikirler hayata geçirilememiştir. Bu süreçteki beklentilerin karşılanması için bireylerin girişimcilik ekosistemine dahil edilmesinin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Üstelik, sürdürülebililik ile ilgili çalışmaların doğa ile iç içe, ekip halinde sürdürülmesinin daha faydalı olacağı bulgulanmıştır.
Özgünlük/değer – Bu araştırmanın özgün değeri, teknoloji odaklı disiplinlerde biyomimikri eğitiminin Beklenti Kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmesi ve uzun vadeli etkilerinin fenomenolojik yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesidir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin doğadan ilham alan fikirlerini toplumsal etkileşim yoluyla genç kuşaklara aktarması çalışmaya farklı bir değer katmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'ndan 20.09.2024 tarihinde E-95674917-108.99-282478 numaralı onay alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan ve zamanlarını ayıran Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Yazılım Mühendisliği bölümlerinde okuyan tüm öğrencilere teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin araştırmaya katılımını kolaylaştırmak adına değerli katkıları ve destekleri için Prof. Dr. Handan Çam ve ekibine de teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgüzel, O. C., Küçükkayhan, S., Yapıcıoğlu, D. K. & Kara, D. A. (2024). The effects of Teaching Practices Based on Biomimicry Approach on Learning-Teaching Processes. Participatory Educational Research, 11(3), 109-125. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.37.11.3
  • Akduman, B., & Taşdelen, B. (2021). Beklenti teorisi ve hedonizmin marka bağımlılığı yaratmadaki etkisinin Zen Pırlanta üzerinden incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(2), 1068–1096. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.919587
  • Amer, N. (2019). Biomimetic approach in architectural education: case study of ‘biomimicry in architecture’course. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10(3), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2018.11.005
  • Autumn, K., et al.,(2000). Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature, 405(6787), 681-685.
  • Avcı, F. (2019). Doğa ve inovasyon: okullarda biyomimikri. Anadolu Öğretmen Dergisi, 3(2), 214-233.
  • Bar Cohen, Y. (Ed.). (2012). Biomimetics: Nature based innovation. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Barthlott, W., & Neinhuis, C. (1997). Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces. Planta, 202(1), 1-8.
  • Benyus, J. M. (1998). Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by nature. New York, NY: William Morrow & Company.
  • Benyus, J. M. (2002). Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Harper Perennial.
  • Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: A systematic evidence map. International journal of educational technology in higher education, 17(1), 1- 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
  • Bybee, R. W. (2010). Advancing STEM Education: A 2020 Vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30–35.
  • Canbazoğlu Bilici, S., Küpeli, M. A., & Guzey, S. S. (2021). Inspired by nature: An engineering design-based biomimicry activity. Science Activities, 58(2), https://doi.org/10.1080/00368121.2021.1918049
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • El-Zeiny, R. M. A. (2012). Biomimicry as a problem solving methodology in interior architecture. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 502–512.
  • Ergül, A. (2023). Analojik akıl Yürütmenin biyomimikri ile desteklenmesi: Doğa ile öğrenen çocuklar. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 879-904.
  • Freeman, S., et al., (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. PNAS, 111(23), 8410-8415.
  • García-Martínez, I., Pérez-Navío, E., Pérez-Ferra, M., & Quijano-López, R. (2021). Relationship between emotional intelligence, educational achievement and academic stress of pre-service teachers. Behavioral Sciences, 11(7), 95, 1- 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070095
  • Garris, C. P., & Fleck, B. (2022). Student evaluations of transitioned-online courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 8(2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000229
  • Gencer, A. S., Doğan, H. & Bilen, K. (2020). Developing biomimicry STEM activity by querying the relationship between structure and function in organisms. Turkish Journal of Education, 9(1), 64-105. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.643785
  • Hasan, K., Ahmad, S., Liaf, A. F., Karimi, M., Ahmed, T., Shawon, M. A., & Mekhilef, S. (2024). Oceanic challenges to technological solutions: A review of autonomous underwater vehicle path technologies in biomimicry, control, navigation, and sensing. IEEE Access, 12, 46202-46231.
  • Illeris, K. (2018). A comprehensive understanding of human learning. In Contemporary theories of learning (pp. 1-14). Routledge.
  • Koçel, T. (2020). İşletme Yöneticiliği: Yönetim ve Organizasyon (18. Baskı). Beta Yayınları.
  • Kopman, V., & Porfiri, M. (2012). Design, modeling, and characterization of a miniature robotic fish for research and education in biomimetics and bioinspiration. IEEE/ASME Transactions on mechatronics, 18(2), 471-483.
  • Kuo, M., Barnes, M., & Jordan, C. (2022). Do experiences with nature promote learning? Converging evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship. High-quality outdoor learning, 47-66.
  • Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Expectancy theory of motivation: Motivating by altering expectations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-6.
  • McMichael, A. J. (2004). Environmental and social influences on emerging infectious diseases: past, present and future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1447), 1049-1058.
  • Metwally, W. M. (2025). Biomimicry and Green Architecture: Nature-Inspired Innovations for Sustainable Buildings. Sustainability, 17(16), 7223, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167223
  • Morgan Stanley Institute for Sustainable Investing. (2025). Sustainable signals: Individual investors 2025. Retrieved from https://www.morganstanley.com/content/dam/msdotcom/en/assets/pdfs/2025_Sustainable_Signals_Individual_Investors_2025_report.pdf
  • Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. Suny Press.
  • Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological bulletin, 136(2), 257-301.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
  • Raman, R., Sreenivasan, A., Suresh, M., & Nedungadi, P. (2024). Mapping biomimicry research to sustainable development goals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 18613, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69230-9
  • Reap, J. (2010). Holistic biomimicry: A pedagogical framework for sustainable innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(4), 401-409.
  • Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832, 1–10.
  • Şen, H., Kaya, A., & Alpaslan, B. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik üzerine tarihsel ve güncel bir perspektif. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 29(107), 1-47.
  • Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J. & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933-958.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Tan, J., Melkoumian, N., Harvey, D., & Akmeliawati, R. (2025). Nature-Inspired Solutions for Sustainable Mining: Applications of NIAs, Swarm Robotics, and Other Biomimicry-Based Technologies. Biomimetics, 10(3), 181, 1-29.
  • Türe, D. D. (2023). Biyomimi̇kri ve Tersine Mühendisli̇k Temelli Stem Etkinliklerinin Tasarlanmasi Kimya Derslerinde Uygulanması ve Etki̇lili̇ğinin Değerlendiri̇lmesi (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), Marmara Universitesi. İstanbul.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2025). TDK online sözlük. Retrieved from https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. Wiley.
  • Wigfield, A. & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68-81.
  • Wigfield, A., & Ponnock, A. (2020). The Relevance of Expectancy–Value Theory to Understanding the Motivation and Achievement of Students with Cognitive and Emotional Special Needs: Focus on Depression and Anxiety. In Handbook of educational psychology and students with special needs (pp. 388-425). Routledge.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf
  • Xie, Y., Fang, M., & Shauman, K. (2015). STEM education. Annual review of sociology, 41(1), 331-357.
  • Yen, J., & Weissburg, M. (2016). Perspectives on biologically inspired design: Introduction to the collected contributions. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 11(1), 010201.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2016). STEM eğitim ve mühendislik uygulamaları. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 265-277.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2019). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının STEM eğitiminde biyomimikri uygulamalarına yönelik görüşleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 63-90.
  • Zhang, J., Kestem, L., Wommer, K. & Wanieck, K. (2025). Biomimetic tools: Insights and implications of a comprehensive analysis and classification. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 20(2), 026014, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/adaff6
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fevziye Bekar 0000-0003-1692-4294

Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bekar, F. (2025). Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory. Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability, 3(2), 218-239.
AMA Bekar F. Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory. EFS. Aralık 2025;3(2):218-239.
Chicago Bekar, Fevziye. “Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory”. Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability 3, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 218-39.
EndNote Bekar F (01 Aralık 2025) Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory. Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability 3 2 218–239.
IEEE F. Bekar, “Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory”, EFS, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 218–239, 2025.
ISNAD Bekar, Fevziye. “Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory”. Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability 3/2 (Aralık2025), 218-239.
JAMA Bekar F. Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory. EFS. 2025;3:218–239.
MLA Bekar, Fevziye. “Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory”. Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability, c. 3, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 218-39.
Vancouver Bekar F. Biomimicry for a Sustainable Future: A Qualitative Study Based on Expectancy Theory. EFS. 2025;3(2):218-39.

Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Mezunlar Derneği
RİZE / TÜRKİYE