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İklim Değişikliğinin Anne, Fetüs ve Yenidoğan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kapsamlı Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2024, , 59 - 71, 06.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.52148/ehta.1439406

Öz

Atmosferdeki sera gazı seviyelerindeki önemli artış, insan faaliyetlerinin bir sonucudur ve yüzey sıcaklığında dünya ortalamasına göre 1,1°C'lik bir artışa yol açmaktadır. Bu sıcaklık artışının zararlı sonuçları arasında, şiddetli hava olayları, yiyecek, su ve hava kalitesinde bozulma, ayrıca vektör kaynaklı bulaşıcı hastalıklarda ve/veya bulaşma risklerinde artış yer almaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin azaltılması ve iklim değişikliğine uyum, bu varoluşsal krizin ortasında insanlığın hayatta kalması için çok önemli faktörlerdir.
İklim değişikliği anne, fetüs ve yenidoğan sağlığı üzerinde kayda değer etkiler yaratmakta ve kadınlar erkeklere kıyasla daha fazla olumsuz etki yaşamaktadır. Gebe kadınlarda, preeklampsi ve eklampsi gibi hipertansif bozukluklar, gestasyonel diyabet (GDM), gebelik süresindeki değişiklikler ve zihinsel sağlık bozuklukları gibi durumlara neden olabilmektedir. Fetüs ve yenidoğan sağlığı ise erken doğum (<37 gebelik haftası), düşük doğum ağırlığı (<2500 gram), konjenital anomaliler (atriyal septum sorunları dahil), erken membran rüptürü (EMR), az gelişmiş bağışıklık sistemleri, intrauterin büyüme kısıtlaması (IUGR) ve neonatal ölüm.gibi sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir.
Isıya bağlı riskleri azaltmayı amaçlayan etkili müdahaleler, ebeveyn dışındaki bakıcılar ve çocuk bakımından sorumlu klinisyenler için ısı ve ısı artışı riskleri konusu sağlık eğitimi kapsamına alınmalıdır. Ayrıca sağlık tesislerindeki soğutma sistemlerinde iyileştirmelere, konut kalitesinde ve gıda sistemlerinde iyileştirmelere ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca beslenme ve yaşam tarzı danışmanlığına da odaklanılmalıdır.
İklimin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkisine artan ilgiye rağmen, kadınlar, hamileler, yeni doğanlar, bebekler ve çocuklar için sıcaklık ve iklimle ilişkili diğer faktörlerle ilişkili risklerin yeterince ele alınmadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme, iklim değişikliğinin sağlıkla ilgili anne, fetus ve yenidoğan sonuçları üzerindeki etkilerini mevcut literatüre dayanarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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The Effects of Climate Change on Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Health: An in-Depth Review

Yıl 2024, , 59 - 71, 06.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.52148/ehta.1439406

Öz

The substantial elevation in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels is a consequence of human activities, resulting in a 1.1°C elevation in surface temperature as the worldwide average. The detrimental outcomes of this temperature rise encompass severe weather events, deterioration in food, water, and air quality, alongside an escalation in vector-borne infectious diseases and/or transmission risks. The mitigation and adaptation to climate change are pivotal factors for the survival of humanity in the midst of this existential crisis.
Climate change exerts notable effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, with women experiencing more adverse impacts compared to men. Pregnant women may face conditions such as hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia and eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), variations in pregnancy duration, and mental health disorders. Fetal and newborn health can be affected, leading to results like preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (<2500 grams), congenital anomalies (including atrial septum issues), early membrane rupture (EMR), underdeveloped immune systems, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and neonatal death.
Effective interventions aimed at reducing heat-related risks should include health education on heat and heat increase risks for caregivers - other than parents - and clinicians responsible for childcare. Additionally, there is a need for improvements in cooling systems in healthcare facilities, fair enhancements in housing quality, and food systems. Focus should also be placed on nutrition and lifestyle counseling.
Despite the growing attention to the influence of climate on human health, the risks associated with heat and other factors associated with climate for women, pregnant individuals, newborns, infants, and children are not sufficiently addressed. This review seeks to investigate the effects of climate change on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes related to health based on existing literature.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, R. (2007). Climate change and health and heat wave mortality in India. Global Environmental Research, 11(1), 51.
  • Almeida, M. C., Souza, R. M., Novaes, C. O., & Olimpio, J. (2021). Climate change and newborns: A brief review of the literature. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 27(6), 329-335. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2021.06.006.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2016). Policy statement on climate change and women's health. Retrieved January 12, 2024, from https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/policy-and-position-statements/position-statements/2021/addressing-climate-change
  • Andersson, C., Helldén, D., Alfvén, T., & Friberg, P. (2021). Climate change and child health: A scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework. Lancet Planetary Health, 5(3), e164-e175. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30274-6.
  • Asamoah, B., Kjellstrom, T., & Östergren, P. O. (2018). Is ambient heat exposure levels associated with miscarriage or stillbirths in hot regions? A cross-sectional study using survey data from the Ghana Maternal Health Survey 2007. International Journal of Biometeorology, 62(3), 319-330. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-017-1402-5.
  • Auger, N., Fraser, W. D., Sauve, R., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., & Kosatsky, T. (2017). Risk of congenital heart defects after ambient heat exposure early in pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(1), 8-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP171.
  • Azhar, G. S., Mavalankar, D., Nori-Sarma, A., et al. (2014). Heat-related mortality in India: Excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e91831. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091831.
  • Balbus, J. M., & Malina, C. (2009). Identifying vulnerable subpopulations for climate change health effects in the United States. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(1), 33-37. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318193e12e.
  • Barros, V. R., Field, C. B., Dokke, D. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Mach, K. J., Bilir, T. E., et al. (2014). Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability—Part B: Regional aspects—Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
  • Basu, R., Sarovar, V., & Malig, B. J. (2016). Association between high ambient temperature and risk of stillbirth in California. American Journal of Epidemiology, 183(10), 894-901. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv295.
  • Bekkar, B., Pacheco, S., Basu, R., & DeNicola, N. (2020). Association of air pollution and heat exposure with preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the US: A systematic review. JAMA Network Open, 3(6), e208243. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8243.
  • Berko, J., Ingram, D. D., Saha, S., & Parker, J. D. (2014). Deaths attributed to heat, cold, and other weather events in the United States, 2006–2010. National Health Statistics Reports, 30(76), 1-15.
  • Blencowe, H., Cousens, S., Oestergaard, M. Z., et al. (2012). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: A systematic analysis and implications. The Lancet, 379, 2162-2172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (12) 60820-4.
  • Booth, G. L., Luo, J., Park, A. L., Feig, D. S., Moineddin, R., & Ray, J. G. (2017). Influence of environmental temperature on risk of gestational diabetes. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(19), E682–E689. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160839.
  • Bouchama, A., & Knochel, J. P. (2002). Heat stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 1978–1988. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra011089
  • Chauhan, N. B., & Kumar, V. H. (2016). Gender responsive climate change strategies for sustainable development. Productivity, 57(2), 182.
  • Cheng, T. L., & Partridge, J. C. (1993). Effect of bundling and high environmental temperature on neonatal body temperature. Pediatrics, 92(2), 238–240.
  • Cianconi, P., Betrò, S., & Janiri, L. (2020). The impact of climate change on mental health: A systematic descriptive review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00074.
  • Cil, G., & Cameron, T. A. (2017). Potential climate change health risks from increases in heat waves: Abnormal birth outcomes and adverse maternal health conditions. Risk Analysis, 37(11), 2066–2079. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12767.
  • Crimmins, A., Balbus, J., Gamble, J. L., et al. (2016). The impacts of climate change on human health in the United States: A scientific assessment. U.S. Global Change Research Program. Washington, DC, USA.
  • Desai, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Climate change and women's health: A scoping review. GeoHealth, 5(9), e2021GH000386. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000386.
  • Donmez Ozturk, R., & Kurt, Ş. (2023). The impact of climate change on maternal and neonatal health. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal, 16(1), 104-112. Doi: https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1008043.
  • Duncan, K. (2006). Global climate change, air pollution, and women's health. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 99. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/RAV060611.
  • Giudice, L. C., Llamas-Clark, E. F., DeNicola, N., et al. (2021). Climate change, women's health, and the role of obstetricians and gynecologists in leadership. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 155(3), 345-356. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13958.
  • Ha, S., Liu, D., Zhu, Y., et al. (2017). Ambient temperature and stillbirth: A multi-center retrospective cohort study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(6), 067011. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP945.
  • Haines, A., Kovats, R. S., Campbell-Lendrum, D., & Corvalan, C. (2006). Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health, 120, 585–596. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.01.002.
  • Halonen, J. I., Zanobetti, A., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., & Schwartz, J. (2011). Outdoor temperature is associated with serum HDL and LDL. Environmental Research, 111, 281–287. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.12.001.
  • Harlan, S. L., Brazel, A. J., Prashad, L., Stefanov, W. L., & Larsen L. (2006). Neighborhood microclimates and vulnerability to heat stress. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 2847–2863. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.07.030.
  • Helle, S., Helama, S., & Lertola, K. (2009). Evolutionary ecology of human birth sex ratio under the compound influence of climate change, famine, economic crises and wars. Journal of Animal Ecology, 78, 1226–1233. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01598.x.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014). Fifth assessment report. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch.
  • International Labour Office. (1998). In J. Stellman (Ed.), ILO encyclopaedia on occupational health and safety (4th ed.). General hazards: Heat and cold. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/publications/WCMS_113329/lang--it/index.htm.
  • IPCC. (2021). Summary for policymakers. In V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, & S. Berger (Eds.), Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kovats, R. S., & Hajat, S. (2008). Heat stress and public health: A critical review. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 41-55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843.
  • Kuehn, L., & McCormick, S. (2017). Heat exposure and maternal health in the face of climate change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 853. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080853.
  • Leffers, J. M. (2022). Climate change and health of children: Our borrowed future. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 36(1), 12-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.09.002.
  • Mannan, I., Choi, Y., Coutinho, A. J., Chowdhury, A. I., Rahman, S. M., & Seraji, H. R. (2011). Vulnerability of newborns to environmental factors: Findings from community-based surveillance data in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(8), 3437–3452. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083437.
  • McMichael, A. J., Wilkinson, P., Kovats, R. S., et al. (2008). International study of temperature, heat and urban mortality: The 'ISOTHURM' project. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37(5), 1121-1131. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn086.
  • McMichael, A. J., Woodruff, R. E., & Hales, S. (2006). Climate change and human health: Present and future risks. The Lancet, 367, 859–869. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (06) 68079-3.
  • Molgat-Seon, Y., Daboval, T., Chou, S., & Jay, O. (2013). Accidental overheating of a newborn under an infant radiant warmer: A lesson for future use. Journal of Perinatology, 33(9), 738–739. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.32.
  • Molina, O., & Saldarriaga, V. (2016). The perils of climate change: In utero exposure to temperature variability and birth outcomes in the Andean region. Economics & Human Biology, 24, 111–124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2016.11.009.
  • Nakstad, B., Filippi, V., Lusambili, A., et al. (2022). How climate change may threaten progress in neonatal health in the African region. Neonatology, 119(5), 644-651. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000525573.
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (n. d.). National Weather Service weather fatality, injury and damage statistics. Retrieved January 9, 2024, from https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/.
  • Oyeyipo, I. P., van der Linde, M., & du Plessis, S. S. (2017). Environmental exposure of sperm sex-chromosomes: A gender selection technique. Toxicological Research, 33(4), 315–323. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2017.33.4.315.
  • Poursafa, P., Keikha, M., & Kelishadi, R. (2015). Systematic review on adverse birth outcomes of climate change. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 20, 397–402.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). International processes and Turkey, combatting climate change (Paris Agreement). Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/parisanlasmasi.tr.mfa#:~:text=COP%2028'in%2030%20Kas%C4%B1m,Arap%20Emirlikleri%20evsahipli%C4%9Finde%20d%C3%BCzenlenmesi%20planlanmaktad%C4%B1r.
  • Robledo, C. A., Mendola, P., Yeung, E., et al. (2015). Preconception and early pregnancy air pollution exposures and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Environmental Research, 137, 316–322. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.020.
  • Rylander, C., Odland, J. Ø., & Sandanger, T. M. (2014). Climate change and environmental impacts on maternal and newborn health with focus on Arctic populations. Global Health Action, 7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v4i0.8452.
  • Sahni, R. (2021). Temperature control in newborn infants. In R. A. Polin, S. H. Abman, D. Rowitch, & W. E. Benitz (Eds.), Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (pp. 423–445). Elsevier.
  • Schifano, P., Asta, F., Dadvand, P., Davoli, M., Basagana, X., & Michelozzi, P. (2016). Heat and air pollution exposure as triggers of delivery: A survival analysis of population-based pregnancy cohorts in Rome and Barcelona. Environment International, 88, 153–159. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.013.
  • Schifano, P., Cappai, G., De Sario, M., et al. (2009). Susceptibility to heat wave-related mortality: A follow-up study of a cohort of elderly in Rome. Environmental Health, 8, 50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-50.
  • Scrafford, C. G., Mullany, L. C., Katz, J., Khatry, S. K., LeClerq, S. C., & Darmstadt, G. L. (2013). Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal jaundice among newborns in southern Nepal. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 18(11), 1317–1328. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12189.
  • Sen, Z. (2022). Climate change and Turkey. Journal of Environment, Urban, and Climate, 1(1), 1-19.
  • Smith, C. J. (2019). Pediatric thermoregulation: Considerations in the face of global climate change. Nutrients, 11(9), 2010. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092010.
  • Sorensen, C., Saunik, S., Sehgal, M., Tewary, A., Govindan, M., Lemery, J., & Balbus, J. (2018). Climate change and women's health: Impacts and opportunities in India. GeoHealth, 2(10), 283-297. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GH000163.
  • Stone, K., Blinn, N., & Spencer, R. (2022). Mental health impacts of climate change on women: A scoping review. Current Environmental Health Reports, 9(2), 228-243. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00346-8.
  • Strand, L. B., Barnett, A. G., & Tong, S. (2011). The influence of season and ambient temperature on birth outcomes: A review of the epidemiological literature. Environmental Research, 111(3), 451-462. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.023.
  • Telecommunication Branch Directorate. Çelik, S., Bacanlı, H., & Görgeç, H. (2008). Global climate change and its effects on human health.
  • Van Zutphen, A. R., Lin, S., Fletcher, B. A., & Hwang, S. A. (2012). A population-based case-control study of extreme summer temperature and birth defects. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(10), 1443-1449. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104671.
  • Veenema, R. J., Hoepner, L. A., & Geer, L. A. (2023). Climate change-related environmental exposures and perinatal and maternal health outcomes in the U.S. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1662. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031662.
  • Verburg, P. E., Tucker, G., Scheil, W., Erwich, J. J., Dekker, G. A., & Roberts, C. T. (2016). Seasonality of gestational diabetes mellitus: A South Australian population study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 4(1), e000286. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000286.
  • Weihua, D., Zhao, L., Hua, L., Qiuhong, T., & Xian'en, L. (2015). New climate and socio-economic scenarios for assessing global human health challenges due to heat risk. Climatic Change, 130, 505–518. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1372-8.
  • Wells, J. C. (2002). Thermal environment and human birth weight. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 214, 413–425. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2465.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Gender, climate change and health. Retrieved January 9, 2024, from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241508186.
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  • Ziskin, M. C., & Morrissey, J. (2011). Thermal thresholds for teratogenicity, reproduction, and development. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 27, 374–387. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/02656736.2011.553769.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Politikası, Sağlık ve Ekolojik Risk Değerlendirmesi, Başlıca Küresel Hastalık Yükleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İrem Özten 0000-0003-4365-6168

Neriman Çağlayan Keleş 0000-0002-4607-2400

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Özten, İ., & Çağlayan Keleş, N. (2024). The Effects of Climate Change on Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Health: An in-Depth Review. Eurasian Journal of Health Technology Assessment, 8(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.52148/ehta.1439406

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