Green Information and Communication Technologies Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture

Öz

Green information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture by minimizing environmental impact, reducing resource use, and enhancing productivity. This study examines the role of various green ICT strategies, including precision agriculture, smart irrigation systems, renewable energy technologies, livestock management, agroforestry, and blockchain traceability, in promoting sustainability in agriculture. The adoption of green ICT in agriculture presents both challenges and opportunities. Issues such as the digital divide, knowledge gaps, and policy frameworks must be addressed to realize the full potential of green ICT strategies. However, by leveraging the benefits of these technologies, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, water conservation, and enhanced food security, sustainable and resilient food systems can be achieved. Case studies from different regions and contexts provide a systematic analysis of the impacts of green ICT on sustainable agriculture. The findings suggest that the adoption of green ICT strategies can offer significant benefits for sustainable agriculture. However, a comprehensive approach that considers sustainability's social, economic, and environmental dimensions is necessary to realize these benefits fully. Policymakers, researchers, and practitioners can use these insights to promote the adoption of green ICT strategies in agriculture. By developing supportive policy and institutional frameworks and providing technical support and training, green ICT can be more widely adopted in agriculture to enhance sustainability and resilience in the sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food Security
• Green ICT
• Precision Agriculture
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Agriculture

Kaynakça

1. Adhikari, P., Dabral, S., & Saxena, H. K. (2021). Precision Agriculture: A Review on Techniques, Applications, and Future Directions. Data (MDPI Proceedings), 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/data6010003
2. Akhigbe, B. I., Munir, K., Akinade, O., Akanbi, L., & Oyedele, L. O. (2021). IoT Technologies for Livestock Management: A Review of Present Status, Opportunities , and Future Trends. Big Data Cognitive Computing, 5(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc5010010
3. Akhter, R., & Sofi, S. A. (2022). Precision Agriculture Using IoT Data Analytics and Machine Learning. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 34(8), 5602–5618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.05.013
4. Aldakhil, A. M., Zaheer, A., Younas, S., Nassani, A. A., Abro, M. M. Q., & Zaman, K. (2019). Efficiently Managing Green Information and Communication Technologies, High-Technology Exports, and Research and Development Expenditures: A Case Study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 240, 118164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118164
5. Ali, M. I., Rahman, M. S., Aslani, F., & Bashar, M. A. (2021). Blockchain in Agriculture: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges. Data (MDPI Proceedings), 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/data6010008
6. Anser, M. K., Ahmad, M., Khan, M. A., Zaman, K., Nassani, A. A., Askar, S. E., Abro, M. M. Q., & Kabbani, A. (2021). The Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Mitigating Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Panel Quantile Regression. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(17), 21065–21084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12114-y
7. Bhardwaj, A., Sharma, M., & Kaur, G. (2021). Green Computing: A Review on Sustainable Computing Practices. Information, 12(4), 227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040227
8. Bhati, P., Singh, P., & Sharma, A. (2018). Green ICT: a Catalyst to Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2547–2561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.114

9. Bishaw, B., Soolanayakanahally, R., Karki, U., & Hagan, E. (2022). Agroforestry for Sustainable Production and Resilient Landscapes. Agroforestry Systems, 96(3), 447–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00737-8
10. Bodkhe, Umesh; Tanwar, Sudeep; Bhattacharya, Pronaya; Kumar, N. (2020). Blockchain for Precision Irrigation: Opportunities and Challenges. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 33(10), 4059. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4059
11. Boursianis, A. D., Papadopoulou, M. S., Gotsis, A., Wan, S., Sarigiannidis, P., Nikolaidis, S., & Goudos, S. K. (2021). Smart Irrigation System for Precision Agriculture - The AREThOU5A IoT Platform. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(16), 17539–17547. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3033526
12. Brazilian Beef Exporters Association. (n.d.). About Us. https://abpa-br.com.br/en/
13. Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy. (2021). Capacidade Instalada de Energia Renovável. https://www.gov.br/mme/pt-br/assuntos/energia- renovavel/capa%0Acidade-instalada-de-energia- renovavel%0D
14. Bremmer, J., Gonzalez-Martinez, A., Jongeneel, R., Huiting, H., Stokkers, R., & Ruijs, M. (2021). Impact Assessment of EC 2030 Green Deal Targets for Sustainable Crop Production. Wageningen Economic Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18174/558517
15. Colley, Z., Hamadache, M., & Saberian, M. (2022). Sustainable Packaging in Agriculture: A Review of Practices and Future Directions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4), 1877. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041877
16. Dhakal, S., Poudel, R. C., Wagle, P., & Maraseni, T. (2022). Agroforestry for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(3), 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031414
17. European Commission. (n.d.). Precision Farming. https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/p recision-farming/factsheet-precision-farming_en.pdf
18. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). (2012). Irrigation in Africa in Figures - AQUASTAT Survey 2012. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i9656e.pdf
19. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). (2015). The State of Food and Agriculture 2015 - Social Protection and Agriculture: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty. http://www.fao.org/3/i6628e/i6628e.pdf
20. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). (2016). Policies and Institutional Frameworks for Promoting ICTs in Agriculture: Case Studies from Africa and Asia. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6126e.pdf
21. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). (2018). Renewable Energy in the Water, Energy and Food Nexus. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6547e.pdf
22. Garrido, A., Plaza, E., & Parra-López, C. (2020). Policies and Incentives for Promoting the Use of ICT in the Agricultural Sector: A Systematic Review. Agricultural Systems, 181, 102824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102824
23. Geothermal Energy Association. (2021). 2020 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report. https://geo-energy.org/reports.aspx
24. Gill, R. (2021). A Review on Various Techniques to Transform Traditional Farming to Precision Agriculture. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(2), 131–135. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.690
25. Global Wind Energy Council. (2021). Global Wind Report 2021. https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2021/
26. Goel, R. K., Yadav, C. S., Vishnoi, S., & Rastogi, R. (2021). Smart Agriculture – Urgent Need of the Day in Developing Countries. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 30(August 2020), 100512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2021.100512
27. Grand View Research. (2021). Precision Agriculture Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Offering, By Technology (Guidance, Remote Sensing), By Application (Yield Monitoring), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020-2027. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry- analysis/precision-agriculture-market
28. International Center for Tropical Agriculture. (2017). Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture. https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/user_upload/online_library/publications/pdfs/AGFS_Agro forestry_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_2017.pdf
29. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). Renewables 2021 Global Status Report.
30. International Hydropower Association. (2021). Hydropower Status Report 2021. https://www.hydropower.org/status-report-2021.
31. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2021). Renewable Capacity Statistics 2021.
32. Khaled Obaideen, Bashria A.A. Yousef , Maryam Nooman AlMallahi, Yong Chai Tan, Montaser Mahmoud , Hadi Jaber, M. R. (2022). An Overview of Smart Irrigation Systems Using IoT. Energy Nexus, 7, 100124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.10 0124
33. Khan, N., Ray, R. L., Sargani, G. R., Ihtisham, M., Khayyam, M., & Ismail, S. (2021). Current Progress and Future Prospects of Agriculture Technology: Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094883
34. Klimova, A., Rondeau, E., Andersson, K., Porras, J., Rybin, A., & Zaslavsky, A. (2016). An International Master’s Program in Green ICT as a Contribution to Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.032
35. Krithika L.B. (2022). Survey on the Applications of Blockchain in Agriculture. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(9), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091333
36. Kumar, R., Kumar, R., Kumar, V., & Kumar, A. (2022). ICT- based Weather Forecasting and Crop Management Systems: A Review. Data (MDPI Proceedings), 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/data7010014
37. Kuzma, J., Janků, J., & Šimůnková, M. (2020). Smart Agriculture and the Role of Green ICT in Reducing Environmental Impact. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 123175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123175
38. Lin, J., Shen, Z., Zhang, A. and Chai, Y. (2018). Blockchain and IoT Based Food Traceability for Smart Agriculture. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Crowd Science and Engineering, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3265689.3265692
39. Madhumathi, R., Arumuganathan, T., Shruthi, R. (2022). Internet of Things in Precision Agriculture: A Survey on Sensing Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and Challenges. In J. S. Raj, R. and Palanisamy, I. and Perikos, & Y. and Shi (Eds.), Intelligent Sustainable Systems (pp. 539--553). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2422-3_42
40. MarketsandMarkets. (2020a). Blockchain in Agriculture and Food Supply Chain Market by Application (Product Traceability, Payment and Settlement, Smart Contract, Governance, Risk and Compliance Management), Provider, Organization Size, and Region - Global Forecast to 2025. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market- Reports/blockchain-agriculture-market-87741149.html
41. MarketsandMarkets. (2020b). Smart Irrigation Market by System Type (Weather-Based, Sensor-Based), Application (Smart Greenhouse, Open Field, Residential, Golf Courses, Turf & Landscape), Component (Controllers, Sensors, Water Flow Meters), and Geography - Global Forecast to 2025. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/smart-irrigation-market-165506924.html
42. Mazhar, R., Ghafoor, A., Xuehao, B., & Wei, Z. (2021). Fostering Sustainable Agriculture: Do Institutional Factors Impact the adoption of Multiple Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices Among New Entry Organic Farmers in Pakistan? Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 124620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124620
43. Nandyala, C. S., & Kim, H. K. (2016). Green IoT Agriculture and Healthcare Application (GAHA). International Journal of Smart Home, 10(4), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2016.10.4.26
44. Nayal, K., Raut, R. D., Narkhede, B. E., Priyadarshinee, P., Panchal, G. B., & Gedam, V. V. (2021). Antecedents for Blockchain Technology-Enabled Sustainable Agriculture Supply Chain. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04423-3
45. Nayal, K., Raut, R., Lopes de S Jabbour, A. B., Narkhede, B. E., & Gedam, V. V. (2021). Integrated Technologies Toward Sustainable Agriculture Supply Chains: Missing Links. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2020-0381
46. Nielsen, T. D., Smith, M. L., & Sørensen, C. A. G. (2021). Precision Livestock Farming: A Review of Applications and Future Directions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(16), 9082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169082
47. Olokunde, T. O., Ogunyinka, I. A., Akande, F. A., & Makanjuola, M. M. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) in Livestock Management: A Review of Recent Applications and Future Directions. Data (MDPI Proceedings), 7(1), 19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/data7010019
48. Padhan, H. (2023). Renewable Energy , Forest Cover , Export Diversification and Ecological Footprint : A Machine Learning Application in Moderating Eco-innovations on Agriculture in BRICS-T Economies. Research Square, 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs- 2356343/v1
49. Popp, J., & Lakner, Z. (n.d.). Precision Agriculture and ICT in Crop Production – A Systematic Literature Review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 165, 104943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104943
50. Ravi Kumar, A., Yadav, L. B., S K, J. B., & Sudha, P. (2020). Precision Agriculture: a Review on Its Techniques and Technologies. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 02(09), 2582–5208. www.irjmets.com
51. Rolo, V. (2022). Agroforestry and Sustainable Agricultural Production (V. Rolo (ed.)). MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/%0Aspe cial issues/Agroforestry SAP
52. Santiago-Freijanes, J. J., Mosquera-Losada, M. R., Rois- Díaz, M., Ferreiro-Domínguez, N., Pantera, A., Aldrey, J. A., & Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A. (2021). Global and European Policies to Foster Agricultural Sustainability: Agroforestry. Agroforestry Systems, 95(5), 775–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0215-9
53. Smith, M. M., Bentrup, G., Kellerman, T., Macfarland, K., Straight, R., & Ameyaw, Lord. (2022). Agroforestry Extent in the United States: A Review of National Datasets and Inventory Efforts. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(5), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050726
54. Thabit, Thabit Hassan, Hadj Aissa Sid Ahmed, Jasim, Y. A. (2021). The Impact of Green ICT Adoption in Organizations of Developing Countries. Al-Riyada for Business Economics Journal, 07(January), 9–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348391747_ The_Impact_of_Green_ICT_Adoption_in_Organizatio ns_of_Developing_Countries
55. World Agroforestry. (2021). Why Uganda Needs Agroforestry to Reverse Land Degradation. https://www.worldagroforestry.org/blog/2021/05/13/why-uganda-needs-agroforestry-to-reverse-land-degradation/
56. World Bank. (2013). ICT in Agriculture: Connecting Smallholders to Knowledge, Networks, and Institutions. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/41082146 8341798576/pdf/772480WP0Box30e00PUBLIC0.pdf
57. World Economic Forum. (2018). Blockchain Can Help to Prevent Food Fraud. https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/01/blockchain- can-help-to-prevent-food-fraud/
58. Yazdinejad, A., Zolfaghari, B., Azmoodeh, A., Dehghantanha, A., Karimipour, H., Fraser, E., Green, A. G., Russell, C., & Duncan, E. (2021). A Review on Security of Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture: Security Aspects, Attacks, Threats and Countermeasures. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167518
59. Yurtkuran, S. (2021). The Effect of Agriculture, Renewable Energy Production, and Globalization on CO2 Emissions in Turkey: A Bootstrap ARDL Approach. Renewable Energy, 171, 1236–1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.009