Tarım-gıda tedarik zincirlerinde blokzincir tabanlı dijital izlenebilirlik: BERTopic ve bilim haritalama yaklaşımıyla bilişim sistemleri perspektifinden bir analiz

Öz

Tarım-gıda tedarik zincirlerinde bilgi asimetrisi, yetersiz izlenebilirlik, tağşiş ve gıda sahteciliği gibi sorunlar, tüketici güveni ve tedarik zinciri yönetimi açısından önemli riskler oluşturmaktadır. Blokzincir teknolojisi, merkezi olmayan ve değiştirilemez kayıt yapısıyla bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik önemli bir dijital altyapı sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte literatür, teknik altyapı tartışmalarının ötesine geçerek IoT, yapay zekâ, tüketici güveni, veri yönetişimi ve karar destek sistemlerini kapsayan daha bütüncül bir bilişim sistemleri perspektifine yönelmektedir. Bu çalışma, 2016–2026 döneminde Scopus veri tabanından elde edilen 1107 yayını bibliyometrik analiz ve BERTopic tabanlı konu modelleme yaklaşımıyla incelemektedir. Bibliyometrik analizler R/bibliometrix, konu modellemesi ise Python/Google Colab ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, literatürün özellikle 2019 sonrasında belirgin bir büyüme eğilimi gösterdiğini; Hindistan ve Çin'in yayın sayısı bakımından, Birleşik Krallık, Kanada ve ABD'nin ise atıf etkisi bakımından öne çıktığını göstermektedir. BERTopic analizi, literatürün blokzincir altyapısı, IoT entegrasyonu, yapay zekâ tabanlı izleme, tüketici güveni ve benimseme, tedarik zinciri karar modelleri, sektörel uygulamalar, bibliyometrik eğilimler, Endüstri 4.0 ve sürdürülebilirlik olmak üzere dokuz ana tema etrafında yoğunlaştığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, blokzincir tabanlı dijital izlenebilirlik araştırmalarının teknik odaklı çalışmalardan veri yönetişimi ve karar destek mekanizmalarını kapsayan bütünleşik bir bilişim sistemleri alanına doğru geliştiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye'nin sınırlı yayın sayısına karşın yayın başına atıf bakımından dikkat çekici bir potansiyele sahip olduğu, ancak uluslararası araştırma iş birliklerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blokzincir
• dijital izlenebilirlik
• tarım-gıda tedarik zinciri
• BERTopic
• bibliyometrik analiz

Blockchain-based digital traceability in agri-food supply chains: an analysis from an ınformation systems perspective via BERTopic and science mapping

Öz

Information asymmetry, inadequate traceability, food adulteration, and food fraud remain major challenges in agri-food supply chains, undermining consumer trust and supply chain management. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising digital infrastructure by providing a decentralized and immutable ledger to improve transparency and traceability. Beyond its technical foundations, however, the literature has increasingly evolved toward a broader information systems perspective encompassing the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), consumer trust, data governance, and decision support systems. This study examines the development, intellectual structure, and thematic evolution of blockchain-based digital traceability research in agri-food supply chains using a hybrid approach that combines bibliometric analysis and BERTopic-based topic modeling. The dataset consists of 1,107 publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2016 and 2026. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using the bibliometrix package in R, while topic modeling was performed in Python with the BERTopic framework. The findings indicate that the literature has experienced substantial growth since 2019. India and China lead in publication output, whereas the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States demonstrate greater citation impact. BERTopic identified nine major thematic clusters, including blockchain infrastructure, IoT integration, AI-based monitoring, consumer trust and technology adoption, supply chain decision models, sector-specific applications, bibliometric trends, Industry 4.0, and sustainability. Overall, the findings suggest that blockchain-based digital traceability research has progressed beyond a purely technical focus toward an integrated information systems perspective emphasizing data governance, digital transformation, and decision support mechanisms. Furthermore, although Türkiye has a relatively limited publication output, its citation performance indicates considerable research potential, highlighting the need for stronger international research collaboration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blockchain
• digital Traceability
• agri-food supply chain
• bibliometric analysis
• BERTopic

Kaynakça

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