Technical Efficiency in Nuts-2 Regions in the Agricultural Sector in Turkey: A Data Envelopment Analysis Application

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 54 - 65, 31.10.2021

Alamettin Bayav

Öz

Increasing agricultural efficiency and productivity is a crucial policy goal in most developing countries, as it is one of the main sources of overall growth. Technical efficiency is widely used to determine the performance of production units. For this reason, many studies have been carried out on efficiency, especially in health, education, and agriculture. In this study, the technical efficiencies of the regions were calculated using a non-parametric method, Data Envelopment Analysis. In the analysis, the total plant and animal production values were taken as output, an agricultural area, agricultural employment, amount of fertilizer used, number of tractors, and livestock unit corresponding to the number of animals were taken as inputs. In the study, data from 2015 to 2019 across five years were used. 26 level-2 regions were classified as decision making units, and their technical efficiency values were determined. The data for this study were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry database. In the input-oriented analysis, according to the years' average, the mean of technical efficiency was 77.5% and 87.7%, respectively, under the assumption of constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS). Both under the assumption of CRS and VRS, TR61, TR62, TR90 and TRC3 regions were determined to be fully effective. The regions with the lowest technical efficiency were TR33, TR82, TR72, TR10, and TR83 under the CRS assumption, while TR33, TR72, TR83, TR32, and TR42 under the VRS assumption. In the five years, there was a 6.10% decrease in the CRS assumption and 2.24% in the VRS assumption in technical efficiency ratios of the regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agriculture, Efficiency, Constant Returns to Scale, Variable Returns to Scale, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Aktan, H. E. & Samut, P. K. (2013). Analysis of the efficiency determinants of Turkey’s agriculture sector by two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). Ege Academic Review, 13(1), 21-28.
• Aktaş, A.& Kabak, M. (2020). Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Düzey-2 Bölgelerinin GSYİH Katkısının Analizi. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20. Uluslararası Ekonometri, Yöneylem Araştırması ve İstatistik Sempozyumu EYİ 2020 Özel Sayısı, 191-206.
• Anonymous (2021). The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry database.
• Armağan, G., Özden, A. & Bekçioğlu, S. (2010). Efficiency and total factor productivity of crop production at NUTS1 level in Turkey: Malmquist index approach. Quality & Quantity, 44, 573-581. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11135-008-9216-5
• Banker, R. D., Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficien- cies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092. https://doi.org/10.1287/ mnsc.30.9.1078
• Bayav, A. & Karlı, B. (2020). A survey of efficiency studies in the agricultural sector in Turkey (1994-2016). Fruit Science, 7(2), 32-41.
• Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429-444.
• Coelli, T. J. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: A data envelopment analysis (computer) program, Center for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, The University of New England, Armidale / Australia.
• Coelli, T. J., Rao, D. S. P., O’Donnell, C. J. & Battese, G. E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Producti- vity Analysis (2nd ed.), Newyork: Springer.
• Çağlar, A. (2003). Efficiency measurement of municipalities with data envelopment analysis (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). Hacettepe University Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ankara.
• Dudu, H., Çakmak, E. H. & Öcal, N. (2015). Drivers of farm efficiency in Turkey: A stochastic frontier analysis. World Journal of Applied Economics, 1(1), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.22440/ EconWorld.J.2015.1.1.HD.0005
• Ercan, F. (2006). Bölgesel kalkınmada değişim: Devlet merkezli bölgesel kalkınmadan piyasa merkezli bölgesel birikime. In A. Arı (Ed.), Bölgesel kalkınma, politikalar ve yeni dinamikler (pp. 45-116). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
• Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Royal Statistical Society, 120(3), 253-290. Gündüz, O., Ceyhan, V. & Esengün, K. (2011). Measuring the technical and economic efficiencies of the dry apricot farms in Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9(1), 319-324.
• Köse, S., Eser, U. & Konur, F. (2012). Regional development disparities in Turkey: A data envelopment analysis (level-2 regions). Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 77-97.
• Özden, A. (2010). Günümüzde etkinlik kavramı ve ölçüm metotları. Türkiye IX. Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi, 22-24 Eylül, Şanlıurfa, 740-747.
• Özden, A. & Armağan, G. (2012). The efficiency comparison in Turkish agriculture in terms of NUTS1 regions. 10. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi, 5-7 Eylül, Konya, 764-771.
• Taş, B. (2006). Adaptation process to the European Union (EU) for Turkey’s new region concept: The nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS). Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 185-197.
• TURKSTAT (2021). Turkish Statistical Institute, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/