Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effect of Consumers' Perception of Local Products on Purchasing Intention: in Case of Erzurum Province

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 57 - 67, 30.04.2024

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the effect of consumers' perception of local products on their purchase intention. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 440 consumers in Erzurum. In the research, factor analysis was used to determine the factors affecting consumers' perception of local products. As a result of factor analysis, it was determined that local product perception was explained by three factors. These factors are named perceived quality, value and risk. The explanation rate of factors related to local product perception was calculated as 57.42%. Hierarchical regression analysis, a type of multivariate regression analysis, was used to investigate the effect of the variables obtained as a result of factor analysis on purchase intention. Three models were created with hierarchical regression analysis. In Model 1, the rate of perceived quality explaining the intention to purchase local products was found to be 13.9%. In the second model, the explanation ratio of perceived quality and perceived risk to purchase intention was calculated as 15.3%. Finally, the perceived value variable was added to the perceived quality and perceived risk variables. In Model 3, the explanation rate of the three independent variables on the intention to purchase local products was determined as 19.2%. Therefore, it is seen that as the independent variable is added, the rate of explanation of the dependent variable increases. In addition, it was determined that perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived value variables positively affected the intention to purchase local products. As a result, it can be stated that the perception of local products has an approximately 20% effect on the intention to purchase local food products.

Kaynakça

  • Ailwadi, K. L., Neslin, S. A., & Gedenk, K. (2001). Pursuing the value- conscious consumer: store brands versus national brand promotions. Journal of marketing, 65(1), 71-89.
  • Aprile, M. C., Caputo, V., & Nayga Jr, R. M. (2016). Consumers’ preferences and attitudes toward local food products. Journal of food products marketing, 22(1), 19-42.
  • Ariffin, S. K., Mohan, T., & Goh, Y. N. (2018). Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(3), 309-327.
  • Asshidin, N. H. N., Abidin, N., & Borhan, H. B. (2016). Perceived quality and emotional value that influence consumer's purchase intention towards American and local products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 639-643.
  • Barska, A., & Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2020). E-consumers and local food products: A perspective for developing online shopping for local goods in Poland. Sustainability, 12(12), 4958.
  • Bianchi, C. (2017). Exploring urban consumers’ attitudes and intentions to purchase local food in Chile. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 23(5), 553-569.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., Köklü, N. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik (7. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Sayfa 48 ve 63.
  • Carroll, B. E., & Fahy, F. (2015). Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30(6), 563-576.
  • Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e‐commerce: A preliminary investigation. Psychology & marketing, 20(4), 323-347.
  • Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Management decision, 50(3), 502-520.
  • Choe, J. Y. J., & Kim, S. S. (2018). Effects of tourists’ local food consumption value on attitude, food destination image, and behavioral intention. International journal of hospitality management, 71, 1-10.
  • Conner, D., Colasanti, K., Ross, R. B., & Smalley, S. B. (2010). Locally grown foods and farmers markets: Consumer attitudes and behaviors. Sustainability, 2, 742–756
  • Darby, K., Batte, M. T., Ernst, S., & Roe, B. (2008). Decomposing local: A conjoint analysis of locally produced foods. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(2), 476-486.
  • Fan, X., Gómez, M. I., & Coles, P. S. (2019). Willingness to pay, quality perception, and local foods: The case of broccoli. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 48(3), 414-432.
  • Feldmann, C., & Hamm, U. (2015). Consumers’ perceptions and preferences for local food: A review. Food quality and preference, 40, 152-164.
  • Field, A., & SPSS, D. S. U. (2009). Sage Publications Ltd. London.(3).
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Güriş, S., & Astar, M. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS İle İstatistik. 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Der Yayınları
  • Hempel, C., & Roosen, J. (2022). The role of life satisfaction and locus of control in changing purchase intentions for organic and local food during the pandemic. Food Quality and Preference, 96, 104430. Jaafar, S. N., Lalp, P. E., & Naba, M. M. (2012). Consumers’ perceptions, attitudes and purchase intention towards private label food products in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(8), 73-90.
  • Kadanalı, E. ve Dağdemir, V. (2016). Tüketicilerin yöresel gıda ürünleri satın alma istekliliği. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 9-16.
  • Kayacan, H. C. ve Demirbaş, N. (2023). İzmir İlinde Yaşayan Tüketicilerin Yöresel Gıdalara Yönelik Gıda Güvenliği Algısını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS), 9(1).
  • King, R. P., Gómez, M. I., & DiGiacomo, G. (2010). Can local food go mainstream?. Choices, 25(1).
  • Kovács, I., Balázsné Lendvai, M., & Beke, J. (2022). The importance of food attributes and motivational factors for purchasing local food products: Segmentation of young local food consumers in Hungary. Sustainability, 14(6), 3224.
  • Meyerding, S. G., Trajer, N., & Lehberger, M. (2019). What is local food? The case of consumer preferences for local food labeling of tomatoes in Germany. Journal of cleaner production, 207, 30-43.
  • Mirosa, M., & Lawson, R. (2012). Revealing the lifestyles of local food consumers. British food journal, 114(6), 816-825.
  • Nganje, W. E., Hughner, R. S., & Patterson, P. M. (2014). Perception of risks and preferences for locally grown produce: A marketing system approach. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 20(2), 196-214.
  • Nystrom, ¨ M., Jouffray, J.-B., Norstrom, ¨ A.V., Crona, B., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Carpenter, S.R., Bodin, O., ¨ Galaz, V., Folke, C., 2019. Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem. Nature 575, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586- 019-1712-3.
  • Oberholtzer, L., Dimitri, C., & Jaenicke, E.C. (2014). Examining U.S. food retailers´decision to procure local and organic produce from farmer direct-to-retail supply chains. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 20, 345–361.
  • Peuli´c, T.; Mari´c, A.; Maravi´c, N.; Novakovi´c, A.; Kalenjuk Pivarski, B.; Cabarkapa, I.; Lazarevi´c, ˇ J.; Šmugovi´c, S.; Ikoni´c, P. Consumer Attitudes and Preferences towards Traditional Food Products in Vojvodina. Sustainability 2023, 15, 12420.
  • Riptiono, S., Anggraeni, A. I., Suroso, A., & Azizah, S. N. (2020). Intention to purchase local food products among Indonesian young consumers. Humanites & Social Sciences Review, 8(4), 2395-6518.
  • Schneider, M. L., & Francis, C. A. (2005). Marketing locally produced foods: Consumer and farmer opinions in Washington County, Nebraska. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 20(4), 252-260.
  • Shin, Y. H., & Hancer, M. (2016). The role of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and moral norm in the intention to purchase local food products. Journal of foodservice business research, 19(4), 338-351.
  • Skallerud, K., & Wien, A. H. (2019). Preference for local food as a matter of helping behaviour: Insights from Norway. Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 79-88.
  • Snoj, B., Korda, A. P., & Mumel, D. (2004). The relationships among perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived product value. Journal of product & brand management, 13(3), 156-167.
  • Szegedyné Fricz, Á., Ittzés, A., Ózsvári, L., Szakos, D., & Kasza, G. (2020). Consumer perception of local food products in Hungary. British Food Journal, 122(9), 2965-2979.
  • Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of retailing, 77(2), 203-220.
  • Szegedyné Fricz, Á., Ittzés, A., Ózsvári, L., Szakos, D., & Kasza, G. (2020). Consumer perception of local food products in Hungary. British Food Journal, 122(9), 2965-2979.
  • Wang, J., Pham, T. L., & Dang, V. T. (2020). Environmental consciousness and organic food purchase intention: a moderated mediation model of perceived food quality and price sensitivity. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 850.
  • Weatherell, C., Tregear, A., & Allinson, J. (2003). In search of the concerned consumer: UK public perceptions of food, farming and buying local. Journal of rural studies, 19(2), 233-244.
  • Wilkins, J. L. (1996). Seasonality, food origin, and food preference: A comparison between food cooperative members and nonmembers. Journal of Nutrition Education, 28(6), 329–337
  • Winit, W., Gregory, G., Cleveland, M., & Verlegh, P. (2014). Global vs local brands: how home country bias and price differences impact brand evaluations. International Marketing Review, 31(2), 102-128.
  • Wong, S. L., Hsu, C. C., & Chen, H. S. (2018). To buy or not to buy? Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions for suboptimal food. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1431.
  • Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52 (July), 2-22
  • Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Grunert, K. G. (2022). Impact of consumer global–local identity on attitude towards and intention to buy local foods. Food quality and preference, 96, 10442

Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 57 - 67, 30.04.2024

Öz

Bu çalışmada tüketicilerin yöresel ürün algısının, satın alma niyetine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Erzurum ilinde 440 tüketici ile yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmada tüketicilerin yöresel ürün algısında etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesinde faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucunda yöresel ürün algısının, üç faktörle açıklandığı belirlenmiştir. Bu faktörler, algılanan kalite, değer ve risk olarak adlandırılmışlardır. Yöresel ürün algısına ilişkin faktörlerin açıklama oranı %57.42 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucunda elde edilen değişkenlerin satın alma niyeti üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasında çoklu değişken regresyon analiz çeşidi olan hiyerarşik regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile üç model oluşturulmuştur. 1. Modelde algılanan kalitenin yöresel ürün satın alma niyetini açıklama oranı % 13.9 bulunmuştur. İkinci modelde algılanan kalite ile birlikte algılanan riskin satın alma niyetinin açıklama oranı %15.3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak algılanan kalite, algılanan risk değişkenlerine algılanan değer değişkeni eklenmiştir. Model 3 de üç bağımsız değişkenin yöresel ürün satın alma niyetini açıklama oranı %19.2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bağımsız değişken ilave edildikçe bağımlı değişkeni açıklama oranının arttığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca algılanan kalite, algılanan risk ve algılanan değer değişkenlerinin yöresel ürün satın alma niyetinin olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yöresel gıda ürünü satın alma niyetinde yöresel ürün algısının yaklaşık %20 etkisinin olduğu ifade edilebilmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar aralarında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan etmişlerdir.

Kaynakça

  • Ailwadi, K. L., Neslin, S. A., & Gedenk, K. (2001). Pursuing the value- conscious consumer: store brands versus national brand promotions. Journal of marketing, 65(1), 71-89.
  • Aprile, M. C., Caputo, V., & Nayga Jr, R. M. (2016). Consumers’ preferences and attitudes toward local food products. Journal of food products marketing, 22(1), 19-42.
  • Ariffin, S. K., Mohan, T., & Goh, Y. N. (2018). Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(3), 309-327.
  • Asshidin, N. H. N., Abidin, N., & Borhan, H. B. (2016). Perceived quality and emotional value that influence consumer's purchase intention towards American and local products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 639-643.
  • Barska, A., & Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2020). E-consumers and local food products: A perspective for developing online shopping for local goods in Poland. Sustainability, 12(12), 4958.
  • Bianchi, C. (2017). Exploring urban consumers’ attitudes and intentions to purchase local food in Chile. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 23(5), 553-569.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., Köklü, N. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik (7. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Sayfa 48 ve 63.
  • Carroll, B. E., & Fahy, F. (2015). Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30(6), 563-576.
  • Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e‐commerce: A preliminary investigation. Psychology & marketing, 20(4), 323-347.
  • Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Management decision, 50(3), 502-520.
  • Choe, J. Y. J., & Kim, S. S. (2018). Effects of tourists’ local food consumption value on attitude, food destination image, and behavioral intention. International journal of hospitality management, 71, 1-10.
  • Conner, D., Colasanti, K., Ross, R. B., & Smalley, S. B. (2010). Locally grown foods and farmers markets: Consumer attitudes and behaviors. Sustainability, 2, 742–756
  • Darby, K., Batte, M. T., Ernst, S., & Roe, B. (2008). Decomposing local: A conjoint analysis of locally produced foods. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(2), 476-486.
  • Fan, X., Gómez, M. I., & Coles, P. S. (2019). Willingness to pay, quality perception, and local foods: The case of broccoli. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 48(3), 414-432.
  • Feldmann, C., & Hamm, U. (2015). Consumers’ perceptions and preferences for local food: A review. Food quality and preference, 40, 152-164.
  • Field, A., & SPSS, D. S. U. (2009). Sage Publications Ltd. London.(3).
  • Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Güriş, S., & Astar, M. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS İle İstatistik. 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Der Yayınları
  • Hempel, C., & Roosen, J. (2022). The role of life satisfaction and locus of control in changing purchase intentions for organic and local food during the pandemic. Food Quality and Preference, 96, 104430. Jaafar, S. N., Lalp, P. E., & Naba, M. M. (2012). Consumers’ perceptions, attitudes and purchase intention towards private label food products in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(8), 73-90.
  • Kadanalı, E. ve Dağdemir, V. (2016). Tüketicilerin yöresel gıda ürünleri satın alma istekliliği. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 9-16.
  • Kayacan, H. C. ve Demirbaş, N. (2023). İzmir İlinde Yaşayan Tüketicilerin Yöresel Gıdalara Yönelik Gıda Güvenliği Algısını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS), 9(1).
  • King, R. P., Gómez, M. I., & DiGiacomo, G. (2010). Can local food go mainstream?. Choices, 25(1).
  • Kovács, I., Balázsné Lendvai, M., & Beke, J. (2022). The importance of food attributes and motivational factors for purchasing local food products: Segmentation of young local food consumers in Hungary. Sustainability, 14(6), 3224.
  • Meyerding, S. G., Trajer, N., & Lehberger, M. (2019). What is local food? The case of consumer preferences for local food labeling of tomatoes in Germany. Journal of cleaner production, 207, 30-43.
  • Mirosa, M., & Lawson, R. (2012). Revealing the lifestyles of local food consumers. British food journal, 114(6), 816-825.
  • Nganje, W. E., Hughner, R. S., & Patterson, P. M. (2014). Perception of risks and preferences for locally grown produce: A marketing system approach. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 20(2), 196-214.
  • Nystrom, ¨ M., Jouffray, J.-B., Norstrom, ¨ A.V., Crona, B., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Carpenter, S.R., Bodin, O., ¨ Galaz, V., Folke, C., 2019. Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem. Nature 575, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586- 019-1712-3.
  • Oberholtzer, L., Dimitri, C., & Jaenicke, E.C. (2014). Examining U.S. food retailers´decision to procure local and organic produce from farmer direct-to-retail supply chains. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 20, 345–361.
  • Peuli´c, T.; Mari´c, A.; Maravi´c, N.; Novakovi´c, A.; Kalenjuk Pivarski, B.; Cabarkapa, I.; Lazarevi´c, ˇ J.; Šmugovi´c, S.; Ikoni´c, P. Consumer Attitudes and Preferences towards Traditional Food Products in Vojvodina. Sustainability 2023, 15, 12420.
  • Riptiono, S., Anggraeni, A. I., Suroso, A., & Azizah, S. N. (2020). Intention to purchase local food products among Indonesian young consumers. Humanites & Social Sciences Review, 8(4), 2395-6518.
  • Schneider, M. L., & Francis, C. A. (2005). Marketing locally produced foods: Consumer and farmer opinions in Washington County, Nebraska. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 20(4), 252-260.
  • Shin, Y. H., & Hancer, M. (2016). The role of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and moral norm in the intention to purchase local food products. Journal of foodservice business research, 19(4), 338-351.
  • Skallerud, K., & Wien, A. H. (2019). Preference for local food as a matter of helping behaviour: Insights from Norway. Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 79-88.
  • Snoj, B., Korda, A. P., & Mumel, D. (2004). The relationships among perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived product value. Journal of product & brand management, 13(3), 156-167.
  • Szegedyné Fricz, Á., Ittzés, A., Ózsvári, L., Szakos, D., & Kasza, G. (2020). Consumer perception of local food products in Hungary. British Food Journal, 122(9), 2965-2979.
  • Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of retailing, 77(2), 203-220.
  • Szegedyné Fricz, Á., Ittzés, A., Ózsvári, L., Szakos, D., & Kasza, G. (2020). Consumer perception of local food products in Hungary. British Food Journal, 122(9), 2965-2979.
  • Wang, J., Pham, T. L., & Dang, V. T. (2020). Environmental consciousness and organic food purchase intention: a moderated mediation model of perceived food quality and price sensitivity. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 850.
  • Weatherell, C., Tregear, A., & Allinson, J. (2003). In search of the concerned consumer: UK public perceptions of food, farming and buying local. Journal of rural studies, 19(2), 233-244.
  • Wilkins, J. L. (1996). Seasonality, food origin, and food preference: A comparison between food cooperative members and nonmembers. Journal of Nutrition Education, 28(6), 329–337
  • Winit, W., Gregory, G., Cleveland, M., & Verlegh, P. (2014). Global vs local brands: how home country bias and price differences impact brand evaluations. International Marketing Review, 31(2), 102-128.
  • Wong, S. L., Hsu, C. C., & Chen, H. S. (2018). To buy or not to buy? Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions for suboptimal food. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1431.
  • Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52 (July), 2-22
  • Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Grunert, K. G. (2022). Impact of consumer global–local identity on attitude towards and intention to buy local foods. Food quality and preference, 96, 10442
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tarım İşletmeciliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Yılmaz 0009-0004-7588-5314

Esra Kadanalı 0000-0001-6899-4935

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, F., & Kadanalı, E. (2024). Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), 4(1), 57-67.
AMA Yılmaz F, Kadanalı E. Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). Nisan 2024;4(1):57-67.
Chicago Yılmaz, Fatih, ve Esra Kadanalı. “Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 4, sy. 1 (Nisan 2024): 57-67.
EndNote Yılmaz F, Kadanalı E (01 Nisan 2024) Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 4 1 57–67.
IEEE F. Yılmaz ve E. Kadanalı, “Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği”, Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 57–67, 2024.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Fatih - Kadanalı, Esra. “Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE) 4/1 (Nisan 2024), 57-67.
JAMA Yılmaz F, Kadanalı E. Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). 2024;4:57–67.
MLA Yılmaz, Fatih ve Esra Kadanalı. “Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği”. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), c. 4, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 57-67.
Vancouver Yılmaz F, Kadanalı E. Tüketicilerin Yöresel Ürün Algısının Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi: Erzurum İli Örneği. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE). 2024;4(1):57-6.