An Alternative Method for Long-Term Land Cover Change Detection: A Case Study of Hasanlar Dam

Abstract

Dams which needed to drinking and irrigation water supply, flood control etc. at first have undertaken an another task with hydroelectric power which emerged from the increasing energy demand due to population growth, technological developments and changes in consumption habits in recent years. This process has accelerated from the 1980s which was the beginning of the increasing trends in renewable energy sources due to the environmental impacts of fossil fuels. However, even though dam type hydroelectric power plant project is a renewable energy, it has some adverse effects on ecosystems. The changing flow regime with the intervention to the river generally results in destruction and fragmentation in the riparian ecosystem. This change in the land cover can lead to modification on the microclimate, thus it can change the hydrological cycle of the basin. For this reason, the monitoring of the change in the land cover at the dam and its surroundings is important for revealing the effects of the project. In this context the Hasanlar Dam in Düzce province was examined in the scope of this study. The land cover change has been determined in two temporal periods through 1:25000 scale topographic maps date on 1960, 1982 and 2013. The land cover which is consist of 4 classes was obtained by visual classification method. The amount of change was determined as the unit by grid method. It was observed that forest areas showed a decreasing tendency after the dam construction during the first temporal period but an increase was shown later. On the other hand it has been determined that non-vegetated areas are transformed into orchard predominantly. As a result, it has been seen that the proposed method can provide an effective analysis for the land cover change detection when old dated aerial photos or satellite images can not be reached.

Keywords

• Land cover change,Dam,Hydroelectric power plant,Hasanlar Dam

Kaynakça

1. Reference1 Öztürk, T., “Çoruh havzası su kaynaklarını geliştirme projelerinin çevresel etkileri,” TMMOB Su Politikaları Kongresi, 2009, s. 220-226.
2. Reference2 Baxter R.M., “Environmental effects of dams and impoundments,” Annual Review Ecological Systems, vol. 8, pp. 255-283, 1977.
3. Reference3 Kocabaş, M., Başçınar, N., Kutluyer, F., Önder, A.,”HES’ler ve balıklar,” Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 6(1), s.128-131, 2013.
4. Reference4 Yurtseven, İ., “Nehir Tipi Hidroelektrik santrallerin havzalar üzerindeki ekohidrolojik etkileri,” Journal of the Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 61(1), s. 55-62, 2011.
5. Reference5 “Dams and devolopment: A new framework for decision-making,” The Report of the World Commission on Dams, London, Uk, Earthscan Publications, 2000.
6. Reference6 Dynesius, M. and Nilsson C., “Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world,” Science, vol. 266, pp. 753-762, Nov. 1994.
7. Reference7 Berkün, M., Aras, E. and Koç, T., “Barajların ve hidroelektrik santrallerin nehir ekolojisi üzerinde oluşturduğu etkiler,” TMH- Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri, 6(452), pp. 41-48, 2008.
8. Reference8 Aksungur, M., Ak, O., Özdemir, A., “Nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrallerin sucul ekosisteme etkisi: Trabzon örneği,” Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 5(1), pp. 79-92, 2011.

9. Reference9 Lovett, R.A., “As salmon stage disappearing act, dams may too,” Science, vol. 284, pp. 574-575, April 1999.
10. Reference10 “10 Soruda Hidroelektrik Santraller,” WWF Türkiye Yayını, 2013.
11. Reference11 Obahoundje, S., Ofosu, E.A., Akpoti, K. and Kabo-bah, A.T., “Land use and land cover changes under climate uncertainty: modelling the impacts on hydropower production in Western Africa,” Hydrology, 4(2), 2017.
12. Reference12 Bewket, W. and Sterk, G., “Dynamics in land cover and its effect on stream flow in the Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia,” Hydrological Processes, vol. 19, pp. 445-458, 2005.
13. Reference13 DSİ website. [Online]. Available: http://www2.dsi.gov.tr/baraj/detay.cfm?BarajID=43
14. Reference14 Hasanlar HES Proje Tanıtım Dosyası, Ankara.
15. Reference15 Zielinski, J., “Watershed Vulnerability Analysis,” Center for Watershed Protection Tech. Rep., 2002.