Multicriteria Analysis for Flood Vulnerable Areas in Southeastern Slovakia

Abstract

Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be prevented. The causes of flooding are extremely heavy rains or rapid melting of snow combined with a significantly reduced ability to detain stormwater in areas. However the negative human-based factors cause changes in runoff ratio and increase the risk of flooding. Human activities change flood behavior in many circumstances. Activities in flood plains and catchment areas such as land clearing for urbanization or agriculture, or construction of infrastructure such as highways, roads and bridges across the flood plain may increase the magnitude of flooding, which in turn increases the damage to property and lives. Determining the flood vulnerable areas is important for decision makers for planning and management activities. Multicriteria analysis methods (MCA) are used to analyze the flood vulnerable areas. Geographical information system (GIS) applications are used for managing, producing, analyzing and combining spatial data. The aim in integrating MCA with GIS is to provide more flexible and more accurate decisions to the decision makers in order to evaluate the effective factors. Some of the causative factors for flooding in watershed are taken into account as daily rainfall, size of watershed, land use, slope and the type of soil. The selection of criteria that has spatial reference is an important step in MCA. The objective of this article is to analyze the flood vulnerability in Bodva river basin, eastern Slovakia. We determined the flood-effective factors, estimate their significance and applied two different approaches of MCA inside the GIS environment.

Keywords

• analytical hierarchy process,causative factors,flood risk,geographical information system

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