EFFECT OF LANDUSE TYPE ON POLLUTION LOADS AT GULF OF IZMIT

Abstract

The gulf of İzmit lies at the eastern edge of the Sea of Marmara, which is the smallest inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. İzmit city is located on the hill slopes in northern and southern side of the gulf. On the eastern side, the flat agricultural zone surrounding the gulf has been subject to rapid urbanization for a couple of decades. The water quality in the Sea of Marmara has already degraded due to the pollution carried by the Danube River into the Black Sea, which reaches the Marmara through strong currents in Bosphorus. Since 20% of Turkey’s population resides in and the economic activity takes place around the Marmara, besides the discharges of wide range of industry and refinery, the urban wastewaters and the urbanization on coastal areas are main sources of pollution. This paper investigates the effect of the changes in landuses, defined in the CORINE system 1990, on the surrounding basin of the gulf of İzmit by using Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The coastal area is divided into sub-basins considering the elevations extracted from the topography data provided by Global Digital Elevation Model and the landuse types according to CORINE data. The pollutants build-up in the basin and wash-off with the surface discharges are modeled by using SWMM. The changes in the land-based pollutants on a long term simulation are discussed for the year 1990 and for the recent status.

Keywords

• Land Based Pollution,Runoff,SWMM,Urbanization

Kaynakça

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