Antifungal Drug Resistance in Candida Species

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 254 - 258, 01.12.2013

Dr. Basavraj S Nagoba Nasira Shaikh Vilas Jahagirdar Sarita Kothadia

Öz

There has been a significant increase in the number of reports of mucosal and systemic infections caused by Candida spp. in recent years. Despite the increase in the infection rates by Candida spp., therapeutic options for their treatment are relatively limited. In the recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of treatment failures in candidosis patients receiving long term therapy, which poses a serious problem in the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Candidosis, Candida, species, antifungal agents, drug resistance

Antifungal Drug Resistance in Candida Species

Öz

Son yıllarda kandida türlerinin neden olduğu mukozal ve sistemik enfeksiyonların sayısında önemli bir artış olmuştur. Kandida türlerine bağlı olarak enfeksiyon oranlarındaki artışa rağmen tedavi seçenekleri nispeten sınırlıdır. Son yıllarda uzun süre tedavi alan alan kandidiyazis hastalarında tedavi başarısızlığı insidansında belirgin bir artış olmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kandidiyazis, kandida, tür, antifungal ajanlar, ilaç direnci

Kaynakça

• Perfect JR, Schell WA. The new fungal opportunists are coming. Clin Infect Diseases 1996; 22:5112–8.
• Pfaller MA. Nosocomial candidiasis. Emerging species, reservoirs and modes of transmission. Clin Infect Diseases 1996;22:S589–94.
• Cowen LE, Anderson JB, Kohn LM. Evolution of drug resis- tance in Candida albicans. Annual Review Microbiol 2002; 56:139-65.
• Ellis D. Amphotericin B : spectrum and resistance. J Antimicrob Chemoter 2002;49:7-10.
• Arikan S, Rex JH. Resistance to antifungal agents. In: Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial infec- tions: Medical Mycology 10th ed. Merz WG and Hay RJ eds. London: Hodder Arnold 2005:168-181.
• Peyron F, Favel A, Calaf R, Michel-Nguyen A, Bonaly R, Coulon J. Sterol and Fatty acid composition of Candida lusitaniae clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:531-3.
• Ghannoum MA, Rice LB. Antifungal agents. Mode of ac- tion, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 501-17.
• Odds FC. Antifungal agents and thier use in Candida infec- tions. In : Candida and candidosis 2nd ed. London:Billiere Tindall 1988: 279-313.
• Lambert HP and O’Grades FW. Antibiotic and chemother- apy 6th ed. London: Churchill- Livingstone 1992:27-37.
• White TC. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans. ASM News 1997;63:427-33.
• Mishra NN, Prasad T, Sharma N, et al. Pathogenecity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast spe- cies – A review. Acta Microbial Immunol Hyg 2007;54:201- 35.
• Morschhauser J. The genetic basis of fluconazole resis- tance development in Candida albicans. Biochem Biophy Acta 2002;18:240-8.
• Prasad R, Kapoor K. Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida. Int Rev Cytol 2005;242:215-48.
• White TC, Hollemans, DY F, Mirels LF, Stevens DA. Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida al- bicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:1704-13.
• White TC, Marr KA, Bowden RA. Clinical, cellular and molecalr factors that contribute to antifungal drug resis- tance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:382-402.
• White TC. The presence of an R- 467 K amino acid sub- stitution and loss of alleic variation correlate with an azole- resistant lanosterol 14 α demethylase in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1488-94.
• Vonderbossche H, Dormer E, Improvisi I, et al. Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. Med Mycol 1998;36(Suppl 1 ):119–28.
• Bossche HV, Warnock DE, Dupont B, et al. Mechanism and clinical impact of antifungal drug resistance. J Med Vet Mycol 1994;32(suppl 1):189-202.
• Maebashi K, Niimi M, Kudoh M, et al. Mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from Japanese AIDS patients. J antimicrob Chemother 2001;47:527-36.
• Sanglard D, Ischer F, Calabrese D, Majcherczyk PA, Bille J. The ATP binding casssette transporter gene CgCDR1 from Candida glabrata is involved in the resistance of clini- cal isolates to azole antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:2753-65.
• Dignani M, Solomkin JS, Anaissie EJ. Candida in Clinical Mycology 2nd ed. Anaissic EJ, Mc Ginnis MR and Pfaller MA editors. Churchill- Livingstone–Elsevier 2009;197-229.
• Sanglard D, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J. Mechanism of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:2378-86.
• Sanglard D, Ischer F, Monod M, Bille J. Susceptibilities of Candida albicans multidrug transporter mutants to various antifungal agents and other metabolic inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40:2300-5.
• Groll AH, Walsh UJJ. Potential new antifungal agents. Current Opinions in Infectious Diseases 1997;10:449-58.