CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WITH DIARRHOEA IN OSUN STATE SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 119 - 122, 01.09.2007

Sunday Adetona Fayemiwo

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WITH DIARRHOEA IN OSUN STATE SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Öz

Aim: Although cryptosporidiosis is said to be rare among adult HIV patients in certain parts of Nigeria, there are no documented studies on the occurrence of this parasite among HIV patients in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study involving 150 patients (100 HIV infected and 50 HIV negative) with diarrhoea from two tertiary and one secondary health institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. Concentrated stool sample from each patient was screened for cryptosporidium oocysts with the modified cold Ziehl Neelsen method while direct sample was screened for other enteric parasites. Results: The overall parasite prevalence rate in the diarrhoea patients is 79.3% (119/150) with Cryptosporidium parvum 52.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 11.3%, Hookworm 3.3%, Trichuris trichura 2% and Entamoeba histolytica 10%. The parasite prevalence rate in HIV infected patients is 97% while in HIV-negative patients, the rate is 44%. The rate is significantly higher among HIVinfected patients with diarrhoea than among HIV-negative patients with diarrhoea (OR=41.152, 95%CI=11.467-147.68, P

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cryptosporidiosis, prevalence, Southwestern Nigeria

Kaynakça

• Flanigan T, Whalen C, Turner J, et al. Cryptosporidium infection and CD4 counts. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:840-2
• Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, et al. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994;331:161-7
• Rodrigues JLN, Leser P, Silva TMJ, et al. Prevalência da criptosporidiose nasíndrome diarréica do paciente HIV- positivo. Rev Assoc Med Brasil 1991;37: 79-84
• Colebunders R, Francis H, Mann JM, et al. Persistent diarrhea, strongly associated with HIV infection in Kinshasa, Zaire. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:859-64
• Kotler DP. Gastrointestinal manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Adv Intern Med 1995;40:197- 242
• Nwabuisi C. Childhood cryptosporidiosis and intestinal parasitosis in association with diarrhoea in Kwara State, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2001;20:165-8
• Banwat EB, Egah DZ, Onile BA, Angyo IA, Audu ES. Prevalence of cryptosporidium undernourished children in Jos, Central Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2003;10: 84-7 infection among SC, B. BJ, rarity human of cryptosporidiosis immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related diarrhoea in Enugu, South-Eastern Nigeria. Niger. Postgrad Med J 2002;9: 70-3 Apparent in
• World Health Organization. Global Programme on AIDS. Guidelines for the clinical management of HIV infection in adults, 1991
• Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part I. Cambridge University Press 1999:193- 208
• Smith HV. Intestinal Protozoa. In; Gillespie SH, Hawkey PM eds. Medical Parasitology. A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995:79-118
• Mukhopadhya A, Ramakrishna BS, Kang G, et al. Enteric pathogens in Southern Indian HIV infected patients with or without diarrhoea. Indian J Med Res 1999;109:85-9
• Goldstein ST, Juranek DD, Ravenholt O, et al. Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the art water treatment. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:459-68
• Widmer G, Carraway M, Tzipori S. Water- borne Cryptosporidium: a perspective from the USA. Parasitol Today 1996;12: 286-90
• Nwabuisi C. Cryptosporidiosis among diarrhoea patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger.
• Med Pract 1998;35:39-41
• Nkanginieme KEO, Chira FW, Oruamabo RS. Cryptosporidiosis in undernourished under five children with diarrhoea at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 1996;3:5-9
• Lumadue JA, Manabe YC, Moore RD, Belitsos PC, Sears CL, Clark DP. A clinicopathologic analysis of AIDS- related cryptosporidiosis. AIDS 1998; 12:2459-66