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THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 167 - 172, 01.12.2006

Öz

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Kaynakça

  • Grunberger D, Banerjee R, Eisinger K, et al. Preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester isolated from propolis. Experientia 1988;44:230–2
  • Nagaoka T, Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Saiki I, Kadota S. Selective antiproliferative activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues on highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2002;10:3351–9
  • Sud’ina GF, Mirzoeva OK, Pushkareva MA, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Varfolomeev SD. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a lipoxygenase inhibitorwith antioxidant properties. FEBS Lett 1993; 329:21-4
  • Vieira O, Laranjinha J, Madeira V, Almeida L. Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide formation in myoglobin- catalyzed oxidation: concerted antioxidant activity lipoprotein of caffeic and p-coumaric acids with ascorbate. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;55: 333–40
  • Mirzoeva OK, Yaqoob P, Knox KA, and Calder PC. Inhibition of ICE family cysteine proteases rescues murine lymphocytes from lipoxygenase inhibitor- induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 1996;396: 266–70
  • Michaluart P, Masferrer JL, Carothers A M, et al. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2347–52
  • Schefferlie JG, van Bladeren PJ. In vitro and in vivo reversible and irreversible inhibition of rat glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by caffeic acid and its 2-S- glutathionyl conjugate. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:475–82
  • Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, el-Khatib AS. Mechanism involved in the anti- inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993;19:197-203
  • Harish Z, Rubinstein A, Golodner M, et al. Suppression of HIV-1 replication by propolis and its immunoregulatory effect. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1997; 23: 89-96
  • Grange JM, Davey RW. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med 1990;83:159-60
  • Kujumgiev A, Tsverkova I, Serkedjieva Y, et al. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origins. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64:235-40
  • Choie DD, Longnecker DS, Dal Campo AA. Acute and chronic CDDPium nephrotoxicity in rats. Lab Invest 1981; 44:397-402
  • Kuhlmann MK, Horsch E, Burkhardt G, Wagner M, Kohler H. Reduction of CDDP toxicity in cultured renal tubular cells by the bioflavonoid quercetin. Arch Toxicol 1998;72: 536–40
  • McDonald ES, Randon KR, Knight A, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:305-13
  • Fischer SJ, McDonald ES, Gross L, Windebank AJ. Alterations in cell cycle regulation underlie cisplatin induced apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2001;8:1027-35
  • Gill JS, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with attempted entry into the cell cycle. J Clin Invest 1998;101:2842-50
  • Masuda H, Tanaka T, Takahama U. Cisplatin generates superoxide anion by interaction with DNA in a cell-free system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994;203:1175-80
  • Hamers FP, Brakkee JH, Cavalletti E, et al. Reduced glutathione protects against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Cancer Res 1993;53:544-9
  • Smyth JF, Bowman A, Perren T, et al. Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial. Ann Oncol 1997;8:569- 73
  • Leibbrandt ME, Wolfgang GH, Metz AL, Ozobia AA, Haskins JR. Critical subcellular targets of CDDP and related platinum analogs in rat proximal tubule cells. Kidney Int 1995;48:761–70
  • Yeh GC, Daschner PJ, Lopaczynska J, MacDonald CJ, Ciolino HP. Modulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and expression is associated with aryl hydrocarbon resistance in vitro. J Biol Chem 2001;276:34708-13
  • Zhang JG, Zhong LF, Zhang M, Xia YX. Protection effects of procaine on oxidative stress and toxicities of renal cortical slices from rats caused by CDDP in vitro. Arch Toxicol 1992;66:354–8
  • Boehringer Mannheim. handbook. Boehringer information Mannheim GmbH; 1973
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75
  • Pace A, Savarese A, Picardo M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:927-31
  • Weijl NI, Hopman GD, Wipkink- Bakker A, et al. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces a fall in plasma antioxidants of cancer patients. Ann Oncol 1998;9:1331-7
  • Appenroth D, Frob S, Kersten L, Splinter FK, Winnefeld K. Protective effects of vitamin E and C on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in developing rats. Arch Toxicol 1997;71:677-83
  • DiPaola RS, Schuchter L. Neurologic protection by amifostine. Semin Oncol, 1999; 26: 82-8
  • Rybak LP, Husain K, Morris C, Whitworth C, Somani S. Effect of protective agents against cisplatin ototoxicity. Am J Otol 2000;21:513-20
  • Tredici G, Cavaletti G, Petruccioli MG, Fabbrica D, Tedeschi M, Venturino P. Low-dose glutathione administration in induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Neurotoxicology 1994;15:701-4 cisplatin
  • Cavaletti G, Minoia C, Schieppati M, Tredici G. Protective effects of glutathione on cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994; 29:771-6
  • Ilhan A, Iraz M, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Akyol O. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester exerts a neuroprotective effect on CNS against seizures in mice. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:2287-92
  • Noelker C, Bacher M, Gocke P, et al. The flavanoide caffeic acid phenethyl ester blocks 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2005;383: 39-43
  • Wei X, Zhao L, Ma Z, et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Brain 2004;127:2629-35
  • Irmak MK, Fadillioglu E, Sogut S, et al. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and alpha-tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain. Cell Biochem Funct 2003;21:283-9
  • Chang B, Nishikawa M, Sato E, Utsumi K, Inoue M. L. Carnitine inhibits CDDP- induced injury of the kidney and small intestine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 405:55-64
  • Cadenas E, Davies KJ. Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29: 222-30
  • Kruidering M, Van de Water B, de Heer E, Mulder GJ, Nagelkerke JF. CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in porcine proximal tubular cells: mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibition of complexes I to IV of the respiratory chain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280:638-49
  • Gonzalez VM, Fuertes MA, Alonso C, Perez JM. Is CDDP-induced cell death always produced by apoptosis? Mol Pharmacol 2001;59:657-663
  • Li S, Basnakian A, Bhatt R, et al. PPAR-alpha ligand ameliorates acute renal failure by reducing CDDP- induced increased expression of renal endonuclease G. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2004; 287:F990-8. Erratum in: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005;288: F243
  • Tian WN, Braunstein LD, Pang J, et al. Importance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity for cell growth. J Biol Chem 1998;273:10609-17
  • Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72: 1277-82
  • Ursini MV, Parrella A, Rosa G, Salzano S, Martini G. Enhanced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells sustaining oxidative stress. Biochem J 1997;323: 801-6
  • Yilmaz HR, Iraz M, Sogut S, et al. The effects of erdosteine on the activities of some metabolic enzymes during CDDP- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 2004;50:287-90
  • Anda T, Yamashita H, Khalid H, et al. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the permeability of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers. Neurol Res 1997;19(4):369-76
  • Gurel A, Armutcu F, Sahin S, et al. Protective role of alpha-tocopherol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ischemia- reperfusion injury via nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase in rat kidneys. Clin Chim Acta 2004;339(1-2):33-41

THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 167 - 172, 01.12.2006

Öz

Aim: Neurotoxicity is the next common side effect of cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapeutics following nephrotoxicity. We investigated the effect of CDDP on some brain metabolic enzyme activities such as hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in an experimental model of CDDP toxicity, and examined the protective role of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic antioxidant derived from the honeybee propolis, on the enzyme activities mentioned above. Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (n:6), CDDP group (n:9), and CAPE + CDDP group (n:8). All the chemicals used were applied intraperitoneally. HK, G6PD, LDH, and MDH activities were determined spectrophotometrically in the brain supernatant at the end of the surgical procedures. Results: There were decreased G6PD activities and increased MDH activities in CDDP group compared to control group (p

Kaynakça

  • Grunberger D, Banerjee R, Eisinger K, et al. Preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester isolated from propolis. Experientia 1988;44:230–2
  • Nagaoka T, Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Saiki I, Kadota S. Selective antiproliferative activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues on highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2002;10:3351–9
  • Sud’ina GF, Mirzoeva OK, Pushkareva MA, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Varfolomeev SD. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a lipoxygenase inhibitorwith antioxidant properties. FEBS Lett 1993; 329:21-4
  • Vieira O, Laranjinha J, Madeira V, Almeida L. Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide formation in myoglobin- catalyzed oxidation: concerted antioxidant activity lipoprotein of caffeic and p-coumaric acids with ascorbate. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;55: 333–40
  • Mirzoeva OK, Yaqoob P, Knox KA, and Calder PC. Inhibition of ICE family cysteine proteases rescues murine lymphocytes from lipoxygenase inhibitor- induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 1996;396: 266–70
  • Michaluart P, Masferrer JL, Carothers A M, et al. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2347–52
  • Schefferlie JG, van Bladeren PJ. In vitro and in vivo reversible and irreversible inhibition of rat glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by caffeic acid and its 2-S- glutathionyl conjugate. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:475–82
  • Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, el-Khatib AS. Mechanism involved in the anti- inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993;19:197-203
  • Harish Z, Rubinstein A, Golodner M, et al. Suppression of HIV-1 replication by propolis and its immunoregulatory effect. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1997; 23: 89-96
  • Grange JM, Davey RW. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med 1990;83:159-60
  • Kujumgiev A, Tsverkova I, Serkedjieva Y, et al. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origins. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64:235-40
  • Choie DD, Longnecker DS, Dal Campo AA. Acute and chronic CDDPium nephrotoxicity in rats. Lab Invest 1981; 44:397-402
  • Kuhlmann MK, Horsch E, Burkhardt G, Wagner M, Kohler H. Reduction of CDDP toxicity in cultured renal tubular cells by the bioflavonoid quercetin. Arch Toxicol 1998;72: 536–40
  • McDonald ES, Randon KR, Knight A, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:305-13
  • Fischer SJ, McDonald ES, Gross L, Windebank AJ. Alterations in cell cycle regulation underlie cisplatin induced apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2001;8:1027-35
  • Gill JS, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with attempted entry into the cell cycle. J Clin Invest 1998;101:2842-50
  • Masuda H, Tanaka T, Takahama U. Cisplatin generates superoxide anion by interaction with DNA in a cell-free system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994;203:1175-80
  • Hamers FP, Brakkee JH, Cavalletti E, et al. Reduced glutathione protects against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Cancer Res 1993;53:544-9
  • Smyth JF, Bowman A, Perren T, et al. Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial. Ann Oncol 1997;8:569- 73
  • Leibbrandt ME, Wolfgang GH, Metz AL, Ozobia AA, Haskins JR. Critical subcellular targets of CDDP and related platinum analogs in rat proximal tubule cells. Kidney Int 1995;48:761–70
  • Yeh GC, Daschner PJ, Lopaczynska J, MacDonald CJ, Ciolino HP. Modulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and expression is associated with aryl hydrocarbon resistance in vitro. J Biol Chem 2001;276:34708-13
  • Zhang JG, Zhong LF, Zhang M, Xia YX. Protection effects of procaine on oxidative stress and toxicities of renal cortical slices from rats caused by CDDP in vitro. Arch Toxicol 1992;66:354–8
  • Boehringer Mannheim. handbook. Boehringer information Mannheim GmbH; 1973
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75
  • Pace A, Savarese A, Picardo M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:927-31
  • Weijl NI, Hopman GD, Wipkink- Bakker A, et al. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces a fall in plasma antioxidants of cancer patients. Ann Oncol 1998;9:1331-7
  • Appenroth D, Frob S, Kersten L, Splinter FK, Winnefeld K. Protective effects of vitamin E and C on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in developing rats. Arch Toxicol 1997;71:677-83
  • DiPaola RS, Schuchter L. Neurologic protection by amifostine. Semin Oncol, 1999; 26: 82-8
  • Rybak LP, Husain K, Morris C, Whitworth C, Somani S. Effect of protective agents against cisplatin ototoxicity. Am J Otol 2000;21:513-20
  • Tredici G, Cavaletti G, Petruccioli MG, Fabbrica D, Tedeschi M, Venturino P. Low-dose glutathione administration in induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Neurotoxicology 1994;15:701-4 cisplatin
  • Cavaletti G, Minoia C, Schieppati M, Tredici G. Protective effects of glutathione on cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994; 29:771-6
  • Ilhan A, Iraz M, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Akyol O. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester exerts a neuroprotective effect on CNS against seizures in mice. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:2287-92
  • Noelker C, Bacher M, Gocke P, et al. The flavanoide caffeic acid phenethyl ester blocks 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2005;383: 39-43
  • Wei X, Zhao L, Ma Z, et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Brain 2004;127:2629-35
  • Irmak MK, Fadillioglu E, Sogut S, et al. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and alpha-tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain. Cell Biochem Funct 2003;21:283-9
  • Chang B, Nishikawa M, Sato E, Utsumi K, Inoue M. L. Carnitine inhibits CDDP- induced injury of the kidney and small intestine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 405:55-64
  • Cadenas E, Davies KJ. Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29: 222-30
  • Kruidering M, Van de Water B, de Heer E, Mulder GJ, Nagelkerke JF. CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in porcine proximal tubular cells: mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibition of complexes I to IV of the respiratory chain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280:638-49
  • Gonzalez VM, Fuertes MA, Alonso C, Perez JM. Is CDDP-induced cell death always produced by apoptosis? Mol Pharmacol 2001;59:657-663
  • Li S, Basnakian A, Bhatt R, et al. PPAR-alpha ligand ameliorates acute renal failure by reducing CDDP- induced increased expression of renal endonuclease G. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2004; 287:F990-8. Erratum in: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005;288: F243
  • Tian WN, Braunstein LD, Pang J, et al. Importance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity for cell growth. J Biol Chem 1998;273:10609-17
  • Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72: 1277-82
  • Ursini MV, Parrella A, Rosa G, Salzano S, Martini G. Enhanced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells sustaining oxidative stress. Biochem J 1997;323: 801-6
  • Yilmaz HR, Iraz M, Sogut S, et al. The effects of erdosteine on the activities of some metabolic enzymes during CDDP- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 2004;50:287-90
  • Anda T, Yamashita H, Khalid H, et al. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the permeability of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers. Neurol Res 1997;19(4):369-76
  • Gurel A, Armutcu F, Sahin S, et al. Protective role of alpha-tocopherol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ischemia- reperfusion injury via nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase in rat kidneys. Clin Chim Acta 2004;339(1-2):33-41
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Birsen Özyurt Bu kişi benim

Mukaddes Güleç Bu kişi benim

Hüseyin Özyurt Bu kişi benim

Fatih Ekici Bu kişi benim

Ömer Atış Bu kişi benim

Ali Akbaş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2006
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2006 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Özyurt, B., Güleç, M., Özyurt, H., Ekici, F., vd. (2006). THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. European Journal of General Medicine, 3(4), 167-172.
AMA Özyurt B, Güleç M, Özyurt H, Ekici F, Atış Ö, Akbaş A. THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. European Journal of General Medicine. Aralık 2006;3(4):167-172.
Chicago Özyurt, Birsen, Mukaddes Güleç, Hüseyin Özyurt, Fatih Ekici, Ömer Atış, ve Ali Akbaş. “THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS”. European Journal of General Medicine 3, sy. 4 (Aralık 2006): 167-72.
EndNote Özyurt B, Güleç M, Özyurt H, Ekici F, Atış Ö, Akbaş A (01 Aralık 2006) THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. European Journal of General Medicine 3 4 167–172.
IEEE B. Özyurt, M. Güleç, H. Özyurt, F. Ekici, Ö. Atış, ve A. Akbaş, “THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS”, European Journal of General Medicine, c. 3, sy. 4, ss. 167–172, 2006.
ISNAD Özyurt, Birsen vd. “THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS”. European Journal of General Medicine 3/4 (Aralık 2006), 167-172.
JAMA Özyurt B, Güleç M, Özyurt H, Ekici F, Atış Ö, Akbaş A. THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. European Journal of General Medicine. 2006;3:167–172.
MLA Özyurt, Birsen vd. “THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS”. European Journal of General Medicine, c. 3, sy. 4, 2006, ss. 167-72.
Vancouver Özyurt B, Güleç M, Özyurt H, Ekici F, Atış Ö, Akbaş A. THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. European Journal of General Medicine. 2006;3(4):167-72.