Abstract. This study explores whether the child psychiatry ADHD clinic and the pediatric ADHD clinic serve different population of patients regarding the patient characteristics, severity of ADHD symptoms and comorbid disorders, thereby testing the efficacy of a triage system set up to direct patients referred for Attention Deficit Disorder symptoms to the appropriate clinics. Charts of 163 children and adolescents treated in two clinical settings were analyzed with regard to demographic characteristics, family structure, DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, and a variety of comorbid characteristics assessed through the Child Symptom Inventory-4 or Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4. Patients in the child psychiatry ADHD clinic were older and consequently have more years of schooling. Child psychiatry ADHD clinic had a greater number of patients with combined subtype of ADHD than the pediatric ADHD clinic. Likewise, the child psychiatry clinic had a higher number of patients with comorbid disorders. The child psychiatry ADHD clinic received patients who were older and had more comorbid psychiatric disorders. The study suggests that there exists an appropriate division of labour in that a third line specialty psychiatry clinic receives the more difficult complex cases.
1. Scahill L, Schwab-Stone M. Epidemiology of ADHD in school-age children. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2000; 9: 541-555.
2. Biederman J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1215-1220.
3. Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Mick E. Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambul Pediatrics 2007; 7: 73-81.
4. Hurting T, Ebeling H, Taainila A, et al. ADHD and comorbid disorders in relation to family environment and symptom severity. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 16: 362-369.
5. Kuhne M, Schachar R, Tannock R. Impact of comorbid oppositional or conduct problems on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1715-1725.
6. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD. Implications for research, practice, and DSM-IV. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1065-1079.
7. Rushton J, Bruckman D, Kelleher K. Primary care referral of children with psychosocial problems. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002; 156: 592-598.
8. Busch B, Biederman J, Cohen LG, et al. Correlates of ADHD among children in pediatric and psychiatric clinics. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53: 1103- 1111.
9. Foster EM, Jensen PS, Schlander M, et al. Treatment for ADHD: is more complex treatment cost-effective for more complex cases? Health Serv Res 2007; 42: 165-182.
10. Culpepper L. Primary care treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 51-58.
11. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Child Symptoms Inventory 4, Screening and Norms Manual. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus 2002.
12. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed (DSMIV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994.
13. Burt AS, Krueger RF, McGue M, et al. Parent-child conflict and the comorbidity among childhood externalizing disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 505-513.
14. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J, Nolan EE. DSM-IV symptoms in community and clinic preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1383-1392.
15. De Nijs PF, Ferdinand RF, de Bruin EI, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Parents' judgment about school, teachers' judgement bout home. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 13: 315-320.
16. Mitsis EM, McKay KE, Schulz K, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM. Parent-teacher concordance for DSMIV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic-referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 308-313.
17. Murray DW, Kollins SH, Hardy KK, et al. Parent versus teacher ratings of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the preschoolers with attention-deficit/hypractivity disorder treatment study (PATS). J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007; 17: 605-619.
18. Gomez R. Australian parent and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms: differential symptom functioning and parent-teacher agreement and differences. J Atten Disord 2007; 11: 17-27.
19. Verhulst FC, Akkerhuis GW. Agreement between parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral/emotional problems of children aged 412. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1989; 30: 123-136.
20. Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Lee SS, Willcutt E. Instability of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 896-902.
21. Nolan EE, Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Teacher reports of DSM-IV ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in schoolchildren. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 241-249.
22. Crystal DS, Ostrander R, Chen RS, August GJ. Multimethod assessment of psychopathology among DSM-IV subtypes of children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: self-, parent, and teacher reports. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2001; 29: 189-205.
1. Scahill L, Schwab-Stone M. Epidemiology of ADHD in school-age children. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2000; 9: 541-555.
2. Biederman J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1215-1220.
3. Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Mick E. Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology. Ambul Pediatrics 2007; 7: 73-81.
4. Hurting T, Ebeling H, Taainila A, et al. ADHD and comorbid disorders in relation to family environment and symptom severity. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 16: 362-369.
5. Kuhne M, Schachar R, Tannock R. Impact of comorbid oppositional or conduct problems on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1715-1725.
6. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD. Implications for research, practice, and DSM-IV. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1065-1079.
7. Rushton J, Bruckman D, Kelleher K. Primary care referral of children with psychosocial problems. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002; 156: 592-598.
8. Busch B, Biederman J, Cohen LG, et al. Correlates of ADHD among children in pediatric and psychiatric clinics. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53: 1103- 1111.
9. Foster EM, Jensen PS, Schlander M, et al. Treatment for ADHD: is more complex treatment cost-effective for more complex cases? Health Serv Res 2007; 42: 165-182.
10. Culpepper L. Primary care treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 51-58.
11. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Child Symptoms Inventory 4, Screening and Norms Manual. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus 2002.
12. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed (DSMIV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994.
13. Burt AS, Krueger RF, McGue M, et al. Parent-child conflict and the comorbidity among childhood externalizing disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 505-513.
14. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J, Nolan EE. DSM-IV symptoms in community and clinic preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1383-1392.
15. De Nijs PF, Ferdinand RF, de Bruin EI, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Parents' judgment about school, teachers' judgement bout home. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 13: 315-320.
16. Mitsis EM, McKay KE, Schulz K, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM. Parent-teacher concordance for DSMIV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic-referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 308-313.
17. Murray DW, Kollins SH, Hardy KK, et al. Parent versus teacher ratings of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the preschoolers with attention-deficit/hypractivity disorder treatment study (PATS). J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007; 17: 605-619.
18. Gomez R. Australian parent and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms: differential symptom functioning and parent-teacher agreement and differences. J Atten Disord 2007; 11: 17-27.
19. Verhulst FC, Akkerhuis GW. Agreement between parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral/emotional problems of children aged 412. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1989; 30: 123-136.
20. Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Lee SS, Willcutt E. Instability of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 896-902.
21. Nolan EE, Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Teacher reports of DSM-IV ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in schoolchildren. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 241-249.
22. Crystal DS, Ostrander R, Chen RS, August GJ. Multimethod assessment of psychopathology among DSM-IV subtypes of children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: self-, parent, and teacher reports. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2001; 29: 189-205.
Kolar, D., Hechtman, L., Francoeur, E., Paterson, J. (2013). Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 17(1), 1-10.
AMA
Kolar D, Hechtman L, Francoeur E, Paterson J. Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. Mart 2013;17(1):1-10.
Chicago
Kolar, Dusan, Lily Hechtman, Emmett Francoeur, ve Jodi Paterson. “Characteristics of Patients With ADHD in Psychiatric and Pediatric ADHD Clinics”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 17, sy. 1 (Mart 2013): 1-10.
EndNote
Kolar D, Hechtman L, Francoeur E, Paterson J (01 Mart 2013) Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 17 1 1–10.
IEEE
D. Kolar, L. Hechtman, E. Francoeur, ve J. Paterson, “Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics”, EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, c. 17, sy. 1, ss. 1–10, 2013.
ISNAD
Kolar, Dusan vd. “Characteristics of Patients With ADHD in Psychiatric and Pediatric ADHD Clinics”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 17/1 (Mart 2013), 1-10.
JAMA
Kolar D, Hechtman L, Francoeur E, Paterson J. Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 2013;17:1–10.
MLA
Kolar, Dusan vd. “Characteristics of Patients With ADHD in Psychiatric and Pediatric ADHD Clinics”. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, c. 17, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 1-10.
Vancouver
Kolar D, Hechtman L, Francoeur E, Paterson J. Characteristics of patients with ADHD in psychiatric and pediatric ADHD clinics. EASTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. 2013;17(1):1-10.