A Hybrid Decision Support System for AI Chatbot Selection in Enhancing Academical Skills of University Students

Öz

The remarkable advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has paved the way for its widespread use across various fields, industries, and application domains. As AI usage becomes more prevalent, the need for proper AI selection and utilization has become increasingly evident. AI tools have emerged as one of the most favored approaches for educational development in recent years. However, the selection of AI chatbots for the academic development of university students often involves a random approach rather than an analytical one. The primary motivation of this research is to develop a decision support system for selecting AI chatbots to enhance university students' four skills (writing, speaking, reading, listening). In this study, the AI chatbot selection problem is examined using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach. The IF (intuitionistic fuzzy sets)-RANCOM (Ranking Comparison Method)-AROMAN (Alternative Ranking Order Method Accounting for Two-Step Normalization Method) hybrid method is proposed as a decision support system. In this hybrid method, fuzzy logic concepts, such as IF sets and IF numbers, are employed to conduct precise calculations. The IF-RANCOM method is used for weighing the AI chatbot selection criteria because it allows for better calculation of the criteria weights, relying on criteria comparisons and expert evaluations. For ranking AI chatbots, the IF-AROMAN method is utilized, as it provides suitable results for determining the most appropriate AI chatbot based on expert evaluations of the alternatives. The IF-RANCOM-AROMAN hybrid method is demonstrated in this paper through four applications. These applications focus on selecting the most suitable AI chatbot for enhancing university students' four skills: writing, speaking, reading, and listening. The research findings indicate that for writing skills development, the best AI chatbot is Write & Improve; for speaking skills, it is ELSA Speak; for reading skills, it is Newsela; and for listening skills, it is EnglishCentral. In addition to providing a decision support tool for the AI chatbot selection process, the research also ranks the selection criteria according to their importance levels. Furthermore, implications for educational development are presented based on the findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence Selection Problem
• Decision Support System
• Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
• Ranking Comparison Method
• Alternative Ranking Order Method Accounting for Two-Step Normalization

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akademik Becerilerini Geliştirmede Yapay Zekâ Sohbet Botu Seçimi için Hibrit Bir Karar Destek Sistemi

Öz

Yapay zekâdaki (YZ) dikkat çekici gelişmeler, çeşitli alanlar, sektörler ve uygulama ortamlarında geniş çapta kullanılmasının önünü açmıştır. YZ kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte, uygun YZ araçlarının doğru seçimi ve etkin kullanımı daha da önemli hâle gelmiştir. Son yıllarda YZ araçları, eğitimsel gelişim için en çok tercih edilen yaklaşımlardan biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik gelişimi için YZ sohbet botlarının seçimi çoğu zaman analitik bir yöntem yerine rastgele bir yaklaşımla yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel motivasyonu, üniversite öğrencilerinin dört becerisini (yazma, konuşma, okuma, dinleme) geliştirmeye yönelik en uygun YZ sohbet botlarını seçmek için bir karar destek sistemi geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada, YZ sohbet botu seçimi problemi Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yaklaşımı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Karar destek sistemi olarak IF ( sezgisel bulanık kümeler )–RANCOM (Sıralama Karşılaştırma Yöntemi)–AROMAN (İki Aşamalı Normalizasyonu Dikkate Alan Alternatif Sıralama Yöntemi) hibrit yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu hibrit yöntemde, IF kümeleri ve IF sayıları gibi bulanık mantık kavramları hassas hesaplamalar yapmak için kullanılmıştır. AI sohbet botu seçim kriterlerinin ağırlıklandırılmasında IF-RANCOM yöntemi tercih edilmiştir; çünkü bu yöntem, kriter ağırlıklarının kriter karşılaştırmaları ve uzman değerlendirmelerine dayalı olarak daha doğru hesaplanmasına imkân tanımaktadır. Sohbet botlarının sıralanmasında ise IF-AROMAN yöntemi kullanılmıştır; zira bu yöntem, uzman değerlendirmelerine dayalı olarak en uygun YZ sohbet botunun belirlenmesi için uygun sonuçlar sunmaktadır. IF-RANCOM-AROMAN hibrit yöntemi, bu makalede dört uygulama üzerinden gösterilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar, üniversite öğrencilerinin dört becerisini geliştirmede en uygun YZ sohbet botunun seçilmesine odaklanmaktadır: yazma, konuşma, okuma ve dinleme. Araştırma bulguları, yazma becerisinin geliştirilmesinde en iyi YZ sohbet botunun Write & Improve; konuşma becerisi için ELSA Speak; okuma becerisi için Newsela; dinleme becerisi için ise EnglishCentral olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma, YZ sohbet botu seçim süreci için bir karar destek aracı sunmanın yanında, seçim kriterlerini önem düzeylerine göre de sıralamaktadır. Ayrıca, elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olarak eğitimsel gelişim için çeşitli çıkarımlar da sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ Seçim Problemi
• Karar Destek Sistemi
• Sezgisel Bulanık Kümeler
• Sıralama Karşılaştırma Yöntemi
• İki Aşamalı Normalizasyonu Dikkate Alan Alternatif Sıralama Yöntemi

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