Single and Combined Effects of Copper and Nickel on Nitrification Organisms in Batch Units

Abstract

Nickel and copper are widely encountered in the industrial wastewaters. The purpose of this batch experimental study was to evaluate single and combined effects of copper and nickel on the nitrification organism activities. Trace amounts of Cu²⁺ stimulate the activity of nitrifiers and ARRs increased from 0.225 to about 0.5 mg NH₄-N/mg MLSS.day on the first day by elevating Cu²⁺ concentrations from zero to 0.05 mg/L, respectively. Nitrification inhibition was not observed during the experimental studies for the studied Cu²⁺ concentrations. The ARRs of the nitrification organisms were also found to have decreased by about 16 to 21 fold upon addition of Ni²⁺. Additions of Ni²⁺ negatively affect the ammonium oxidation and reaction was not detected during the operations of third day. The ARR values for the studied initial Ni²⁺ concentrations were lower than the blank sample. The simultaneous presences of Ni²⁺-Cu²⁺ negatively affect the activity of nitrification organisms. In order to achieve the same ammonium oxidation level as compared with the blank sample, it needs more reaction times. The experimental results indicated that it is possible to treat industrial wastewater Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with individually or together. The toxicity of heavy metal could be minimized by increasing the microorganisms in the biological reactor.

Keywords

• Copper,Nickel

Kaynakça

1. 1. Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ji, M., and Zhai, H., “Nitrification recovery behavior by bio-accelerators in copper-inhibited activated sludge system” Bioresource Technology, 192, 748–755, 2015.
2. 2. Wang, Y., Ji, M., Zhao, Y., and Zhai, H., “Recovery of nitrification in cadmium-inhibited activated sludge system by bio-accelerators” Bioresource Technology, 200, 812–819, 2016.
3. 3. Juliastuti, S.R., Baeyens, J., and Creemers, C., “Inhibition of Nitrification by Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds: The ISO 9509 Test” Environmental Engineering Science, 20, 2, 2003.
4. 4. Ozbelge, T.A., Ozbelge, H.O, and Altınten, P. “Effect of acclimatization of microorganisms to heavy metals on the performance of activated sludge process” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142, 332–339, 2007.
5. 5. Lipczynska-Kochany, E. and Kochany, J., “Effect of humate on biological treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals” Chemosphere, 77, 279–284, 2009.
6. 6. Metzner, A.V., “Removing soluble metals from wastewater” Water Sewage Works, 124, 98–101,1977.
7. 7. Bagby, M. M. and Sherrard, J. H., “Combined effects of cadmium and nickel on the activated sludge process”, Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 53, 11, 1609-1619, 1981.
8. 8. Beyenal, N.Y., Ozbelge T.A., ad Ozbelge H.O., “Combined Effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on Activated Sludge Process” Water Research, 31, 4, 699-704, 1997.

9. 9. Yetis, U., Demirer, G.N., and Gokcay, C.F. “Effect of Chromium (VI) on the Biomass Yield of Activated Sludge” Enzyme Microbial Technology, 25, 48–54, 1999.
10. 10. Carucci, A., Chiavola, A., Majone, M., and Rolle, E. “Treatment of tannery wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor” Water Science and Technology, 40, 253–259, 1999.
11. 11. Farabegoli, G., Carucci, A., Majone, M., and Rolle, E. “Biological treatment of tannery wastewater in the presence of chromium” Journal of Environmental Management, 71, 345–349, 2004.
12. 12. Lee, Y.W., Tian, Q., Ong, S. K., Sato, C., and Chung, J. “Inhibitory effects of copper on nitrifying bacteria in suspended and attached growth reactors” Water Air Soil Pollution, 203, 17–27, 2009.
13. 13. Gikas, P. “Single and combined effects of nickel (Ni(II)) and cobalt (Co(II)) ions on activated sludge and on other aerobic microorganisms” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159, (2–3), 187203, 2008.
14. 14. Campos, J.L., Garrido-Fernandez, J.M., Mendez, R., and Lema, J.M. “Nitrification at high Ammonia Loading Rates in an Activated Sludge Unit” Bioresource Technology, 68, 141-148, 1999.
15. 15. Semerci, N. and Cecen, F., “Importance of the Zn Species in batch nitrification systems” Water Practice Technology, 1 (3), 2006.
16. 16. Hu, Z., Domenicograsso, K., and Smets, B., “Impact of Metal Sorption and Internalization on Nitrification Inhibition” Environmental Science Technology, 37, 728-734, 2003.
17. 17. APHA, (1998) 20th ed. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC, USA.