Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk

Gamze Koçer Alaşalvar; Zeliha Yıldırım

doi:10.55696/ejset.1807598

Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential of the SE-P47 phage, encapsulated by the extrusion method using alginate, as a biopreservative agent against Salmonella Enteritidis in milk. Initially, phage release from capsules was determined in whole (3.5% fat) and semi-skimmed (1.5% fat) UHT milk samples at 25°C. The average phage titers detected in whole milk after 5 and 240 minutes were 6.18 and 6.16 log PFU/g, respectively, with a release rate of 66.78%. In semi-skimmed milk, a phage titer of 7.02 log PFU/g was obtained at 5 minutes, while at 240 minutes, the phage titer reached an average of 7.38 log PFU/g with a 75% release rate. These findings indicate that higher fat content negatively affects phage release. For lytic activity assays, semi-skimmed milk was selected due to its higher release levels. At 4°C, bacterial reductions ranged between 0.45-1.22 log CFU/mL at MOI 1000 and 0.91-1.18 log CFU/mL at MOI 100000. At 25°C, bacterial counts decreased between 2.01 and 3.27 log CFU/mL at MOI 100000, while a higher reduction of 4.03 log CFU/mL was achieved at MOI 1000 after 12 hours. Greater lytic activity at 25°C compared to 4°C was attributed to enhanced phage replication promoted by bacterial growth. In conclusion, the encapsulated phage was shown to exhibit significant inhibitory activity against S. Enteritidis in milk. The existing lytic efficacy has the potential to be enhanced through studies aimed at improving phage release in milk or other food systems.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University

Project Number

TGT 2022/20-LÜTEP

Thanks

This study was supported by the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University (Project No: TGT 2022/20-LÜTEP).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Food Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gamze Koçer Alaşalvar ^*
0000-0002-2500-4652
Türkiye

Zeliha Yıldırım
0000-0002-6155-6921
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 30, 2026

Submission Date

October 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1807598

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34MR74BW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Koçer Alaşalvar, G., & Yıldırım, Z. (2026). Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1807598

AMA

1.Koçer Alaşalvar G, Yıldırım Z. Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk. (EJSET). 2026;7(1):9-14. doi:10.55696/ejset.1807598

Chicago

Koçer Alaşalvar, Gamze, and Zeliha Yıldırım. 2026. “Evaluation of the Use of Encapsulated SE-P47 Phage in the Control of Salmonella in Milk”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7 (1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1807598.

EndNote

Koçer Alaşalvar G, Yıldırım Z (January 1, 2026) Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7 1 9–14.

IEEE

[1]G. Koçer Alaşalvar and Z. Yıldırım, “Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk”, (EJSET), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9–14, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.55696/ejset.1807598.

ISNAD

Koçer Alaşalvar, Gamze - Yıldırım, Zeliha. “Evaluation of the Use of Encapsulated SE-P47 Phage in the Control of Salmonella in Milk”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7/1 (January 1, 2026): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1807598.

JAMA

1.Koçer Alaşalvar G, Yıldırım Z. Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk. (EJSET). 2026;7:9–14.

MLA

Koçer Alaşalvar, Gamze, and Zeliha Yıldırım. “Evaluation of the Use of Encapsulated SE-P47 Phage in the Control of Salmonella in Milk”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 9-14, doi:10.55696/ejset.1807598.

Vancouver

1.Gamze Koçer Alaşalvar, Zeliha Yıldırım. Evaluation of the use of encapsulated SE-P47 phage in the control of Salmonella in milk. (EJSET). 2026 Jan. 1;7(1):9-14. doi:10.55696/ejset.1807598