Investigating the Relationship between Quality of Life and Adherence to Physical Activity with Life Expectancy at Leisure time in the Elderly

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between quality of life and adherence to physical activity and their impact on life expectancy in the elderly of Mashhad who spends their leisure time exercising and physical activity in the parks of this city. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the investigation was carried out as a field study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 565 individuals who do exercise and physical activity in public parks of Mashhad city in 2021. Quality of Life scale (QLS, SF26), Adult Life Expectancy Scale ((ALES), Snyder et al., 1991), and Adherence to Physical Activity Scale ((APAS) Derakhshanpour et al., 2016), were used as data collection tools in this research. The results showed that there was almost moderate to strong positive correlation between quality of life with life expectancy, factor thinking and strategic thinking. There was also a moderate negative correlation between physical problems dimension with life expectancy and strategic thinking, but there isn't any correlation between physical problems with factor thinking. Also, there was moderate correlation between psychological and social dimensions with life expectancy, factor thinking and strategic thinking. Also, it has been seen that there was strong positive correlation between adherence to physical activity with life expectancy, factor thinking and strategic thinking. There was also strong positive correlation between awareness and equipment with life expectancy, factor thinking and strategic thinking. And, there was moderate correlation between reinforcement with life expectancy, factor thinking and strategic thinking. According to the results of the present study, increasing adherence to physical activity can lead to improving the life expectancy of the elderly, ultimately providing a good quality of life for them.  

Keywords

• Quality of life
• Life expectancy
• Adherence to physical activity
• Elderly
• Public parks
• Leisure time

Kaynakça

1. Cordell, H. K., McDonald, B.L., Teasley, R. J., Bergstrom, J.C., Martin, J., Bason, J., & Leeworthy, V.R. (1999). Outdoor recreation participation trends. In: H.K. Cordell, (Ed.), Outdoor recreation in American life: A National assessment of demand and supply trends (pp.219-322). Saga more Publishing.
2. Derakhshanpour, A. (2016). The effect of special cognitive-behavioral intervention on commitment to practice, adherence to practice and mental health. (PhD Thesis). Imam Reza University, Sports Psychology, Iran.
3. Dodge, H. H., Shen, C., Pandav, R., DeKosky, S. T., & Ganguli, M. (2003). Functional transitions and active life expectancy associated with alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol, 60(2), 253-259.
4. Feng, W., Ji, W., Wang, Y., Gong, Q., Li, S., Liu, Y., Lou, G., Liu, S., & Li, H. (2021). Impact of elevated systolic blood pressure levels on mortality and life expectancy in Southeast Chinese residents. Iran J Public Health, 50(10), 1993-2001.
5. Ghahremani, Z., Jafarpour Alavi, M., Gholam Araghi, M., & Hosseini, F. (2006). Quality of life and its relationship with hope in relatives caring for schizophrenic patients. Iranian Journal of Nursing, 19(45), 17-26.
6. Hasanzadeh, R., Mirian, A., & Lezgi, F. (2014). The relationship between trust in God, quality of life and life expectancy in teachers in District One of Sari. Journal of Islam and Health, 1(2), 15-21.
7. Jones, H., Millward, P., & Buraimo, B. (2011). Adult participation in sport: Analysis of the taking part survey. Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Government of the United Kingdom.
8. Kaplan, G., & Baron-Epel, O. (2003). What lies behind the subjective evaluation of health status? Social Science & Medicine, 56, 1669-1676.

9. Katschnig, H. F., & Sartorius, N. (2006). Quality of life in mental disorders. John Wiley & Sons, 3-17.
10. Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., & Agha Molazarandi, F. (2013). Relationship between sports hope and commitment with sports satisfaction of male students participating in the 10th sports olympiad of male students of medical universities. Journal of Academic Sports Research, 6, 113-126.
11. Klar, M. K., Geyer, S., Safieddine, B., Tetzlaff, F., Tetzlaff, J., & Sperlich, S. (2021). Trends in healthy life expectancy between 2002 and 2018 in Germany - Compression or expansion of health-related quality of life (HRQOL)? Population Health, 13, 1-9.
12. Kwak, Y., Chung, H., & Kim, Y. (2017). Differences in health-related quality of life and mental health by living arrangement among Korean elderly in the KNHANES 2010–2012. Iran J Public Health, 46(11), 1512-1520.
13. Madhi, S., & Najafi, M. (2018). The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope with quality of life, and happiness in older adults. Journal of Psychological Science, 17(65), 78-94.
14. Mcauley, E., Konopack, J. F., Motl, R. W., Morris, K. S., Doerksen, S. E., & Rosengren, K. S. (2006). Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: Influence of health status and self-efficacy. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 99-103.
15. Monazami, A., & Shetab-Boushehri, N. (2011). Determining the effective factors on the development of women's physical education and sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Sports Management, 1, 151-168.
16. Mondal, M. N. I., & Shitan, M. (2013). Impact of socio-health factors on life expectancy in the low and lower middle-income countries. Iran J Public Health, 42(12), 1354-62.
17. Pourabdol, S., Abbasi, M., Pirani, Z., & Abbasi, M. (2015). The relationship between life expectancy and psychological well-being with quality of life in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 1(1), 57-65.
18. Razavi, M. H., & Pesarkoloo, A. (2013). How Amol women spend their leisure time with emphasis on sports activities. Journal of Sports Management and Physiology of Shomal, 1(1), 23-38.
19. Reimers, C. D., Knapp, G., & Reimers, A. K. (2012). Does physical activity increase life expectancy? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Aging Research, 1-9. Article ID 243958. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/243958
20. Rivera-Torres, S., Fahey, T. D., Rivera, M. A. (2019). Adherence to exercise programs in older adults: Informative report. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 5, 1-10.
21. Sanaei, M., Zartoshtian, S., & Norouzi, R. (2013). The effect of physical activity on quality of life and life expectancy in the elderly. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 5(17), 137-158.
22. Snyder, C. R., Ritschel, L. A., Rand, K. L., & Berg, C, J. (2006). Balancing psychological assessments: Including strengths and hope in client reports. Journal of clinical Psychology, 32(1), 33-46.
23. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585.
24. Tafran, K., Tumin, M., & Osman, A. F. (2020). The Power of multidimensional poverty in explaining life expectancy: Empirical evidence from cross-sectional data of 62 developing countries. Iran J Public Health, 49(9), 1709-1717.
25. Vaez Mousavi, M. K. (2000). Comparison of quality of life in athletes participating in team and individual disciplines. Research in Sports Science, 1(3), 83-93.
26. World Health Organization. (‎2014)‎. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/148114
27. World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL). (2014, October 10). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/
28. Yazdi Feyzabadi, V., Haghdoost, A., Mehrolhassani, M. H., & Aminian, Z. (2015). The Association between peace and life expectancy: An empirical study of the world countries. Iran J Public Health, 44(3), 341-51.
29. Zare, A. S., Alavi, S., Rezaei, R., & Sarikhani, P. (2016). Investigating the effect of sport on the life expectancy of young athletes and non-athletes. The Second National Conference on Sports Science and Physical Education of Iran.