Araştırma Makalesi
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Theory Of Planned Behavior And Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Research on Entrepreneurs Working in ICT

Yıl 2022, , 275 - 303, 31.12.2022

Gulcan Ozbolat , Aslı Beyhan Acar

https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829

Öz

The research aims to identify the Theory of Planned Behavior components of entrepreneurs running their businesses in the information–communication–technology sector. Interviews of 10 entrepreneurs were analyzed in the MaxQda 22 program with content and discourse analysis. The codes are about individual attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions related to the literature. In contrast to the literature, three entrepreneurs mentioned collective efficacy when they discussed efficacy sources. It shows that entrepreneurship could be much more collective than individual. Another difference from the literature is that two of the ten entrepreneurs talked about feeling useful in the part of entrepreneurship intention in interviews. According to the literature, being useful is a kind of specialty as a social entrepreneur and is related to social exchange theory. It is critical to determine the Theory of Planned Behavior components, which are the fundamentals of entrepreneurial behavior, in a way that is consistent with Turkey’s cultural norms. These findings may contribute to the entrepreneurship literature and help to redefine entrepreneurship education.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, Qualitative Research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship Behavior Theory of Planned Behavior Qualitative Research.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Ed: Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. Action-control: From cognition to behavior. Heidelberg: Springer. 1st edition.
  • Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 /2, 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.
  • Arıkan, Selma. (2009). Collective efficacy and organizational effectiveness: Antecedents and consequences (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M., (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Assmann, D., & Ehrl, P. (2021). Individualistic culture and entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 1248-1268.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10:35–62.
  • Baluku, M.M., Kikooma, J.F. & Kibanja, G.M. (2016). Psychological capital and the startup capital entrepreneurial success relationship. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 28(1), pp. 27-54.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New york: W. H. Freeman, 1st edition.
  • Bansal, P., & Corley, K. (2012) Publishing in AMJ—Part 7: What’s different about qualitative research?. Academy of management Journal, 55(3), 509-513.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Baumol, W . J. (1996). Entrepreneurship, management and the structure of pay offs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Berger, I. (2012). YouTube as a source of data. Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group Quarterly, 83, 9-12.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442-454.
  • Boyd, N., & Vozikis, G. 1994 The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2014). Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-47.
  • Can Baysal A., (2004). Güdülenme 143-170. Ed.: Can Baysal A., & Tekarslan, E., Davranış Bilimleri, 4. Baskı, İstanbul: Avcıol Basım-Yayın. ISBN: 975-7429-43-0
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  • Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? Journal of small business management, 49(1), 9-26.
  • Cengizçetin, E., (2014). Çeşitli ülkeler ve türkiye’de iş yaratma ve bu bağlamda kamu istihdam kurumlarının rolü ve türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. (Uzmanlık Tezi) T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
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  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21. Corbin, J. Strauss (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 3rd edition, London: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davids, F. (2017). The theory of planned behaviour and the entrepreneurial event model as predictive models of entrepreneurial intention. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.
  • Drucker, P. F., (2006) Innovation and entreperneurship, (Reprint edition). New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Durak, İ. (2011). Girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel faktörlerle ilgili girişimcilerin tutumları: bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 191-213.
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PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2022, , 275 - 303, 31.12.2022

Gulcan Ozbolat , Aslı Beyhan Acar

https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829

Öz

Bu araştırma, bilgi – iletişim – teknoloji alanlarında faaliyet gösteren girişim kurucularının Planlanmış Davranış Kuramı bileşenleri kapsamında girişimcilik davranışını tanımlama amacındadır. Analizler için geçmiş yıllarda kurulmuş ve hala hayatına devam eden 10 girişimcinin röportajları söylem ve içerik analizleri ile MaxQda 22 programında incelenmiştir. Girişimciliğe yönelik bireysel tutumlar, öznel normlar, öz yeterlilik ve girişimcilik niyetleri yazın ile tutarlıdır. Üç girişimci yeterlilik hakkında konuşurken kolektif yeterlilikten bahsetmiştir. Bu durum, girişimciliğin düşünülenden daha kolektif bir yapıda olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. On girişimciden ikisinin ise girişimcilik niyetleri hakkındaki ifadeleri arasında faydalı olmaya yönelik söylemleri bulunmaktadır. Yapılan yazın taramasında, faydalı olmanın sosyal girişimcilik ve sosyal değişim kuramı ile ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Planlanmış davranış kuramı bileşenleri çerçevesinde girişimcilik davranışını, Türkiye özelinde ve ülkemiz kültürel normlarıyla tutarlı olacak şekilde tespit edilmesinin hem bu alandaki yazına hem de reel olarak işsizlik oranlarının düşürülmesine dolayısıyla nitelikli bireylerin artmasına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik Davranışı Planlanmış Davranış Kuramı Nitel Araştırma.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇA Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Ed: Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. Action-control: From cognition to behavior. Heidelberg: Springer. 1st edition.
  • Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 /2, 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.
  • Arıkan, Selma. (2009). Collective efficacy and organizational effectiveness: Antecedents and consequences (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M., (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Assmann, D., & Ehrl, P. (2021). Individualistic culture and entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 1248-1268.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10:35–62.
  • Baluku, M.M., Kikooma, J.F. & Kibanja, G.M. (2016). Psychological capital and the startup capital entrepreneurial success relationship. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 28(1), pp. 27-54.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New york: W. H. Freeman, 1st edition.
  • Bansal, P., & Corley, K. (2012) Publishing in AMJ—Part 7: What’s different about qualitative research?. Academy of management Journal, 55(3), 509-513.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Baumol, W . J. (1996). Entrepreneurship, management and the structure of pay offs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Berger, I. (2012). YouTube as a source of data. Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group Quarterly, 83, 9-12.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442-454.
  • Boyd, N., & Vozikis, G. 1994 The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2014). Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-47.
  • Can Baysal A., (2004). Güdülenme 143-170. Ed.: Can Baysal A., & Tekarslan, E., Davranış Bilimleri, 4. Baskı, İstanbul: Avcıol Basım-Yayın. ISBN: 975-7429-43-0
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimci, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneur ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimcilik, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneurship ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W. R., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9 (2), 354-359.
  • Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? Journal of small business management, 49(1), 9-26.
  • Cengizçetin, E., (2014). Çeşitli ülkeler ve türkiye’de iş yaratma ve bu bağlamda kamu istihdam kurumlarının rolü ve türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. (Uzmanlık Tezi) T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Chell, E. (2013). Review of skill and the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 6-31.
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21. Corbin, J. Strauss (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 3rd edition, London: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davids, F. (2017). The theory of planned behaviour and the entrepreneurial event model as predictive models of entrepreneurial intention. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.
  • Drucker, P. F., (2006) Innovation and entreperneurship, (Reprint edition). New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Durak, İ. (2011). Girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel faktörlerle ilgili girişimcilerin tutumları: bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 191-213.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2012). İşsizlik nasıl hesaplanıyor?, Kendime yazılar, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mahfiegilmez.com/2012/01/issizlik-nasl-hesaplanyor.html /eHost 29 Nisan 2022
  • Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American journal of small business, 12(4), 11-32.
  • Güner, H., & Korkmaz, A., (2011) İstihdamın arttırılmasında girişimciliğin önemi: girişimcilik destekleme modeli olarak İŞGEM’LER . Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, sayı 2/1, s. 42-65. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider/issue/29524/316920
  • Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, 5846 sayılı kanun, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.5846.pdf ehost 14.05.2022
  • Fillion, J. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Managers and small business owner managers in EC (No. 97). Working Paper.
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  • Lackéus, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship in Education. What, Why, When, How. Entrepreneurship 360 Background Paper. (Çevrimiçi) http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/BGP_Entrepreneurship-in- Education.pdf / ehost 7 Mayıs 2022
  • Liñán, F., Moriano, J. A., & Jaén, I. (2016). Individualism and entrepreneurship: Does the pattern depend on the social context?. International Small Business Journal, 34(6), 760-776.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y.W. (2009). ‘Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.593–617.
  • Lortie, J., Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 11(4),935-957.
  • Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., & Jensen, S. M. (2007). The value of the psychological capital of immigrant entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 1(2), 161-175.
  • Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3-9.
  • Moriano JA, Palací FJ., & Morales JF. (2007). The psychosocial profile of the university entrepreneur. Psychology in Spain (11): 72–84.
  • Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. Essex: Pearson. ISBN 13: 978-1-292-02023-5
  • Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63-72.
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  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Yurtiçi Üretici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yurt-Ici-Uretici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Haziran-2022-45855/ehost 05 Temmuz 2022
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Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gulcan Ozbolat 0000-0003-1938-6815

Aslı Beyhan Acar 0000-0001-6824-6494

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Ozbolat, G., & Beyhan Acar, A. (2022). PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, 5(2), 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829
AMA Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. Aralık 2022;5(2):275-303. doi:10.46737/emid.1205829
Chicago Ozbolat, Gulcan, ve Aslı Beyhan Acar. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829.
EndNote Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A (01 Aralık 2022) PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5 2 275–303.
IEEE G. Ozbolat ve A. Beyhan Acar, “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 275–303, 2022, doi: 10.46737/emid.1205829.
ISNAD Ozbolat, Gulcan - Beyhan Acar, Aslı. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5/2 (Aralık 2022), 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829.
JAMA Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2022;5:275–303.
MLA Ozbolat, Gulcan ve Aslı Beyhan Acar. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 275-03, doi:10.46737/emid.1205829.
Vancouver Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2022;5(2):275-303.