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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 54 - 71, 02.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1389225

Öz

The interplay between energy resource distribution and usage is pivotal for sustainable economic growth and development. Addressing global warming and climate change is essential, necessitating a shift towards renewable energy sources and reducing reliance on harmful energy types. Central to this endeavor is producing within the bounds of global steps and measures, fostering a sustainable relationship between humanity and resources, and achieving economic growth without depleting our natural endowments. The industrial sector's reliance on fossil fuels primarily contributes to rising carbon emissions, causing environmental degradation and climate change. This study scrutinizes the dynamics between energy consumption and economic growth in Türkiye from 1980 to 2020. Utilizing the Granger Causality Test, Johansen Cointegration Test, and Vector Error Correction Model, a causal link between energy consumption and economic growth was identified. Based on these findings, policy recommendations have been proposed to guide sustainable energy use and economic expansion.

Kaynakça

  • Altıntaş, H. (2013). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Tüketimi, Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 8(1): 263-294 (Access Date: 23.10.2023)
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of OECD countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Policy, 38(1): 656-660 (Access Date: 18.10.2023)
  • Aydın, F. (2010). “Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35: 317-340 (Access Date: 18.10.2023)
  • Ayhan, F., Kartal, M.T., Kılıç Depren, S. & Depren, Ö. (2023). “Asymmetric effect of economic policy uncertainty, political stability, energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emissions: evidence from G-7 countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30: 47422-47437. (Access Date: 05.11.2023)
  • Balcılar, M., Uzuner, G., Nwani, C. & Bekun, F.V. (2023). “Boosting Energy Efficiency in Turkey: The Role of Public–Private Partnership Investment” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Sustainability, 15(3): 2273 (Access Date: 03.11.2023)
  • Belke, A., Dobnik, F. & Dreger, C. (2011). “Energy consumption and economic growth: New insights into the cointegration relationship” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Economics, 33(5): 782-789 (Access Date: 21.10.2023)
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I. & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). “The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Applied Energy, 162: 733-741 (Access Date: 28.10.2023)
  • Chaudhry, I. S., Safdar, N. & Farooq, F. (2012). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan”. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 32(2): 371-382.
  • Çalışkan, Ş. (2009). “Türkiye'nin Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık ve Enerji Arz Güvenliği Sorunu”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25: 297-310.
  • Demirgil, B. & Birol, Y. E. (2020). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1): 68-83 (Access Date: 27.10.2023)
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller, W.A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 7: 427-431.
  • Emek, Ö.F. & Atay Polat, M. (2022). “Enerji Tüketimi, Küreselleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Bir Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Journal of Economic Policy Research, 9(2): 331-351 (Access Date: 04.11.2023)
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York. Engle, R.F. & Granger C.W.J. (1987). “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”. Econometrica, 55: 251–276.
  • Erdoğan, S. & Gürbüz, S. (2014). “Türkiye'de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Zaman Serisi Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Selcuk University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 32: 79-87 (Access Date: 25.10.2023)
  • Ergün, S. & Atay Polat, M. (2015). “OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 45: 115-141 (Access Date: 25.10.2023)
  • General Directorate of Mining and Petroleum Affairs (2022). Production Statistics. Access: https://www.mapeg.gov.tr (Access Date: 30.10.2023)
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods”. Econometrica, 37(3): 424-438.
  • Güllü, M. & Baygaç, H.N. (2017). “Biyoyakıt Üretimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Amerika, Brezilya ve Almanya Örnekleri”. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 14: 18-34.
  • Gyimah, J., Yao, X., Tachega, M.A., Hayford, I.S. & Opoku-Mensah, E. (2022). “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Ghana” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy, 248: 123559 (Access Date: 02.11.2023)
  • Johansen, S. (1991). “Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models”. Econometrica, 59: 1551-1580.
  • Korkmaz, S. & Yılgör, M. (2011). “Enerji Tüketimi-İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Kocaeli University Journal of Social Sciences, 22: 111-125 (Access Date: 20.10.2023)
  • Kuşkaya, S. (2023). “Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Kantil Regresyon ile Modellenmesi: ABD Örneği” [Elektronik Sürüm]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1): 234-245 (Access Date: 01.10.2023)
  • Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chang, Chun-Ping (2008). “Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: A more comprehensive analysis using panel data” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Resource and Energy Economics, 30(1): 50-65 (Access Date: 17.10.2023)
  • Mete, E. (2021). “Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Örneği” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35(4): 1481-1495 (Access Date: 07.11.2023)
  • Minh, T. B. & Van, H. B. (2022). “Evaluating the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam, 1995–2019” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Reports, 9: 609-617 (Access Date: 30.10.2023)
  • Önder, F. & Ağır, H. (2023). “Panel Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of the Bric Countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(4): 922–932 (Access Date: 03.11.2023)
  • Öztürk, İ. & Acaravcı, A. (2010). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9): 3220-3225 (Access Date: 20.10.2023)
  • Öztürk, S. & Küsmez, T. (2019). "Elektrik Tüketimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1995-2014)". Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2): 316-327.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”. Biometrika, 75(2): 335–346.
  • Shura Energy Transition Center (2022). Yeşil Yeni Düzen Bağlamında Türkiye’de Enerji Dönüşümünün Finansmanı Raporu. Shura Enerji Dönüşüm Merkezi. Access: shura.org.tr (Access Date: 26.07.2023)
  • TUBİTAK (2023). Yeşil Büyüme Teknoloji Yol Haritası Türkiye Energy Outlook (July 2022). TMMOB (MMO/731). Ankara: Makine Mühendisleri Odası. World Energy Outlook (October 2022). International Energy Agency. Access: www.iea.org (Access Date: 30.07.2023)
  • Yılmaz, Ş. & Türkyılmaz, O. (2022). “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Arzı”. Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü 2022 (5-20). TMMOB.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 54 - 71, 02.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1389225

Öz

The distribution of energy resources in energy use, which stands out as a fundamental element for economic growth and development, is important for the sustainability of economic growth and development. In this context, problems such as global warming and climate change should be prevented by increasing renewable energy resources and minimizing the use of energy resources that harm natural life. The most important issue is to produce within the framework of the steps and measures taken worldwide, to establish the correct relationship between people and resources, and to realize economic growth by protecting resources. Increasing carbon emissions, especially because of fossil fuels used to meet the energy demand of industry, cause irreversible environmental problems and lead to climate change. This study analyzes the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey between 1980-2020. In the analysis, the causality relationship has been investigated by Granger Causality Test, Johansen Cointegration Test and Vector Error Correction Model and as a result of the analysis causality relationship from growth to energy consumptions has been found. In line with the findings of the study, policy recommendations on energy consumption and economic growth have been formulated.

Kaynakça

  • Altıntaş, H. (2013). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Tüketimi, Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 8(1): 263-294 (Access Date: 23.10.2023)
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2010). “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of OECD countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Policy, 38(1): 656-660 (Access Date: 18.10.2023)
  • Aydın, F. (2010). “Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35: 317-340 (Access Date: 18.10.2023)
  • Ayhan, F., Kartal, M.T., Kılıç Depren, S. & Depren, Ö. (2023). “Asymmetric effect of economic policy uncertainty, political stability, energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emissions: evidence from G-7 countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30: 47422-47437. (Access Date: 05.11.2023)
  • Balcılar, M., Uzuner, G., Nwani, C. & Bekun, F.V. (2023). “Boosting Energy Efficiency in Turkey: The Role of Public–Private Partnership Investment” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Sustainability, 15(3): 2273 (Access Date: 03.11.2023)
  • Belke, A., Dobnik, F. & Dreger, C. (2011). “Energy consumption and economic growth: New insights into the cointegration relationship” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Economics, 33(5): 782-789 (Access Date: 21.10.2023)
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I. & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). “The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Applied Energy, 162: 733-741 (Access Date: 28.10.2023)
  • Chaudhry, I. S., Safdar, N. & Farooq, F. (2012). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan”. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 32(2): 371-382.
  • Çalışkan, Ş. (2009). “Türkiye'nin Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık ve Enerji Arz Güvenliği Sorunu”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25: 297-310.
  • Demirgil, B. & Birol, Y. E. (2020). “Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1): 68-83 (Access Date: 27.10.2023)
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller, W.A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 7: 427-431.
  • Emek, Ö.F. & Atay Polat, M. (2022). “Enerji Tüketimi, Küreselleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Bir Nedensellik Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Journal of Economic Policy Research, 9(2): 331-351 (Access Date: 04.11.2023)
  • Enders, W. (1995). Applied Econometric Time Series, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York. Engle, R.F. & Granger C.W.J. (1987). “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”. Econometrica, 55: 251–276.
  • Erdoğan, S. & Gürbüz, S. (2014). “Türkiye'de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Zaman Serisi Analizi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Selcuk University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 32: 79-87 (Access Date: 25.10.2023)
  • Ergün, S. & Atay Polat, M. (2015). “OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 45: 115-141 (Access Date: 25.10.2023)
  • General Directorate of Mining and Petroleum Affairs (2022). Production Statistics. Access: https://www.mapeg.gov.tr (Access Date: 30.10.2023)
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods”. Econometrica, 37(3): 424-438.
  • Güllü, M. & Baygaç, H.N. (2017). “Biyoyakıt Üretimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Amerika, Brezilya ve Almanya Örnekleri”. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 14: 18-34.
  • Gyimah, J., Yao, X., Tachega, M.A., Hayford, I.S. & Opoku-Mensah, E. (2022). “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Ghana” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy, 248: 123559 (Access Date: 02.11.2023)
  • Johansen, S. (1991). “Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models”. Econometrica, 59: 1551-1580.
  • Korkmaz, S. & Yılgör, M. (2011). “Enerji Tüketimi-İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Kocaeli University Journal of Social Sciences, 22: 111-125 (Access Date: 20.10.2023)
  • Kuşkaya, S. (2023). “Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Kantil Regresyon ile Modellenmesi: ABD Örneği” [Elektronik Sürüm]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1): 234-245 (Access Date: 01.10.2023)
  • Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chang, Chun-Ping (2008). “Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: A more comprehensive analysis using panel data” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Resource and Energy Economics, 30(1): 50-65 (Access Date: 17.10.2023)
  • Mete, E. (2021). “Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Örneği” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35(4): 1481-1495 (Access Date: 07.11.2023)
  • Minh, T. B. & Van, H. B. (2022). “Evaluating the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam, 1995–2019” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Energy Reports, 9: 609-617 (Access Date: 30.10.2023)
  • Önder, F. & Ağır, H. (2023). “Panel Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of the Bric Countries” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(4): 922–932 (Access Date: 03.11.2023)
  • Öztürk, İ. & Acaravcı, A. (2010). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey” [Elektronik Sürüm]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9): 3220-3225 (Access Date: 20.10.2023)
  • Öztürk, S. & Küsmez, T. (2019). "Elektrik Tüketimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1995-2014)". Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2): 316-327.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”. Biometrika, 75(2): 335–346.
  • Shura Energy Transition Center (2022). Yeşil Yeni Düzen Bağlamında Türkiye’de Enerji Dönüşümünün Finansmanı Raporu. Shura Enerji Dönüşüm Merkezi. Access: shura.org.tr (Access Date: 26.07.2023)
  • TUBİTAK (2023). Yeşil Büyüme Teknoloji Yol Haritası Türkiye Energy Outlook (July 2022). TMMOB (MMO/731). Ankara: Makine Mühendisleri Odası. World Energy Outlook (October 2022). International Energy Agency. Access: www.iea.org (Access Date: 30.07.2023)
  • Yılmaz, Ş. & Türkyılmaz, O. (2022). “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Arzı”. Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü 2022 (5-20). TMMOB.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Deniz Dilara Dereli 0000-0002-9697-4517

İsmail Ertek Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7169-4738

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dereli, D. D., & Ertek, İ. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, 7(1), 54-71. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1389225
AMA Dereli DD, Ertek İ. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. Temmuz 2024;7(1):54-71. doi:10.46737/emid.1389225
Chicago Dereli, Deniz Dilara, ve İsmail Ertek. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2024): 54-71. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1389225.
EndNote Dereli DD, Ertek İ (01 Temmuz 2024) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 7 1 54–71.
IEEE D. D. Dereli ve İ. Ertek, “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE”, Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 54–71, 2024, doi: 10.46737/emid.1389225.
ISNAD Dereli, Deniz Dilara - Ertek, İsmail. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 7/1 (Temmuz 2024), 54-71. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1389225.
JAMA Dereli DD, Ertek İ. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2024;7:54–71.
MLA Dereli, Deniz Dilara ve İsmail Ertek. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 54-71, doi:10.46737/emid.1389225.
Vancouver Dereli DD, Ertek İ. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TÜRKİYE. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2024;7(1):54-71.