THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON CARBON EMISSIONS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITH HIGH CARBON EMISSIONS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 87 - 109, 30.12.2024

Mehmet Hanifi Ateş , Canan Dağıdır Çakan , Sabri Kurtoğlu

Öz

In the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations, renewable energy and financial development are considered to be critical components to combat global warming and limit global temperature increases to 1.5 °C and will help in achieving the SDGs. The fact that Sustainable Development has become an important issue in European countries has led researchers to examine the broad interactions between sustainable development indicators. For this purpose, the ten European countries with the highest carbon emissions are examined to determine how financial development, renewable energy consumption and economic growth contribute to environmental protection. In the study, the impact of financial development, renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emissions in the period between 2000 and 2021 was analyzed using Westerlund (2007) cointegration test and CCE-AMG estimators. The results show that all variables are cointegrated in the long run and that renewable energy has a negative effect on environmental degradation and financial development has a positive effect. According to the results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D-H) causality test, while there was a unidirectional causality from financial development and economic growth to CO2 emissions, it was observed that there was a bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The findings show that it may have important consequences for European countries in terms of environmental policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon Emissions, Renewable Energy, Financial Development, Panel Data Analysis

YÜKSEK KARBON EMİSYONUNA SAHİP AVRUPA ÜLKELERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN KARBON EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından belirlenen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri'nde (SKH) küresel ısınmayla mücadele etmek ve küresel sıcaklık artışlarını 1.5 °C ile sınırlamak için yenilenebilir enerjinin ve finansal gelişmenin kritik bir bileşenler olduğu ve SKH'leri gerçekleştirmede yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Avrupa ülkelerinde önemli bir konu haline gelmesi, araştırmacıları sürdürülebilir kalkınma göstergeleri arasındaki geniş etkileşimleri incelemeye yönlendirmiştir. Bu amaçla finansal gelişme, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin, çevrenin korunmasına nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu belirlemek için en çok karbon emisyonu değerlerine sahip on Avrupa ülkesi incelenmektedir. Çalışmada 2000 ile 2021 yılları arasındaki dönemde finansal gelişme, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisi, Westerlund (2007) eşbütünleşme testi ve CCE-AMG tahmincileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar tüm değişkenlerin uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik olduğunu ve yenilenebilir enerjinin çevresel bozulma üzerinde negatif, finansal gelişmenin ise pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (D-H) nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyümeden CO2 emisyonlarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik bulunurken, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimini ile CO2 emisyonları arasında çift yönlü nedenselliğin mevcut olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, yenilebilir enerji kullanımının ve finansal gelişmenin Avrupa ülkeleri için çevre politikası açısından önemli kazanımlar sağlayacağını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karbon Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Finansal Gelişme, Panel Veri Analizi

Etik Beyan

Yukarıda bilgileri yer alan çalışmanın, etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen çalışmalar arasında yer aldığını beyan ederiz.

Teşekkür

Değerli geri bildirimleri ve yapıcı yorumları bu makalenin geliştirilmesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunacak isimsiz hakemlere içten teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Kapsamlı ve anlayışlı incelemeleri, bu makalenin son halini şekillendirmede önemli bir rol oynayacaktır. Ayrıca editör ekibine değerlendirme süreci boyunca rehberlik ve destekleri için minnettarız.

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