Hafif Elektrikli Araçlar için Entegre Şarj Fonksiyonlu Çok Fazlı Sürekli Mıknatıslı Senkron Motor Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 43 - 63, 31.01.2026

Musa Burak Yelek Murat Yilmaz

Öz

Hafif elektrikli araçlar (LEV), sürdürülebilir ulaşım, sıfır emisyon ve kompaktlık gereksinimleri nedeniyle yüksek verimli ve çok işlevli itki sistemlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, entegre şarj özelliğine sahip, çok fazlı bir sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motor (PMSM) tasarlanmış ve hafif elektrikli araç uygulaması için ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Öncelikle simetrik 6-fazlı yapı esas alınarak dört farklı oluk–kutup kombinasyonu üzerinde analitik ön boyutlandırma yapılmış, ardından sonlu elemanlar analizleri (FEA) ile malzeme seçimi, faz sayısı ve rotor topolojilerinin performansa etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Double-V gömülü mıknatıslı (IPM), yüzey mıknatıslı (SPM) ve konsantrik sargılı yüzey mıknatıslı motor yapılarının, “Worldwide Harmonized Light-duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) Class-1” sürüş çevriminde ANSYS OptiSlang kullanılarak çok amaçlı optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Optimizasyon sonuçlarına göre double-V gömülü mıknatıslı yapı, referans tasarıma kıyasla moment dalgalanmasını %80’in üzerinde azaltmış, %94.9 nominal verim ve toplam kayıplarda %41.4 azalma sağlamıştır. Aktif malzeme kütlesi yaklaşık %12 düşerken, tahrik ve şarj modlarında çift yönlü enerji akışına uygun kompakt bir LEV tahrik motoru elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entegre şarj , çok fazlı motor , sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motor (PMSM) , hafif elektrikli araç (LEV) , çok amaçlı optimizasyon , moment dalgalılığı , kayıp minimizasyonu

Etik Beyan

Bu mühendislik araştırması, standart bilimsel ve profesyonel etik uygulamalara uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen “TÜBİTAK 1002 - 125E129” kodlu “Hafif E-Mobilite Uygulamalarında Entegre Şarj Sistemi için Yüksek Verimli ve Güç Yoğunluklu Çok-Fazlı E-Motor Tasarımı ve Geliştirilmesi” başlıklı proje kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Destek için TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

Design and Optimization of a Multi-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Integrated Charging Function for Light Electric Vehicles

Öz

Light electric vehicles (LEVs) require highly efficient and multifunctional propulsion systems to meet the demands of sustainable mobility, zero emissions, and compact design. In this study, a multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with integrated charging capability is designed and comprehensively analyzed for LEV applications. Based on a symmetric six-phase configuration, analytical pre-dimensioning is conducted for four different slot–pole combinations, followed by finite element analyses (FEA) to compare the effects of material selection, phase number, and rotor topology. Three motor configurations—double-V interior permanent magnet (IPM), surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM), and concentric-wound surface-mounted SPM—are optimized using ANSYS OptiSlang under the “Worldwide Harmonized Light-duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) Class-1” driving conditions. According to the optimization results, the double-V IPM structure reduces torque ripple by more than 80% compared with the reference design, achieving 94.9% nominal efficiency and a 41.4% reduction in total losses. The active material mass is reduced by approximately 12%, yielding a compact LEV traction motor capable of bidirectional operation in both traction and charging modes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Integrated charging , multiphase motor , permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) , light electric vehicle (LEV) , multi-objective optimization , torque ripple , loss minimization

Etik Beyan

This engineering research was conducted in accordance with standard scientific and professional ethical practices.

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK

Teşekkür

This study was conducted under the TÜBİTAK 1002 project No. 125E129, titled “High-Efficiency and High-Power-Density Multi-Phase E-Motor Design and Development for Integrated Charging Systems in Light E-Mobility Applications.” We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by TÜBİTAK.

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