Dönüştürücü-Tabanlı Kaynakların Arıza Davranışı ve Negatif Bileşen Büyüklüklerine Dayalı Koruma Sistemleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Rüzgâr türbini (RT) ve fotovoltaik (PV) hücre teknolojilerindeki son gelişmelerle birlikte, rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisinin güç sistemlerindeki penetrasyon seviyeleri ile rüzgâr ve güneş enerji santrallerinin kurulu güçleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, güç elektroniği dönüştürücüleri aracılığıyla elektrik şebekelerine entegre edilmekte ve dönüştürücü tabanlı kaynaklar (IBR – Inverter-Based Resources) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. IBR’ler, geleneksel senkron jeneratörlere (SJ) kıyasla, arıza akımı karakteristikleri ve dinamik davranışları bakımından belirgin farklılıklar sergilemektedir. Bu farklılıklar, senkron jeneratörlerin baskın olduğu güç sistemleri varsayımı altında geliştirilmiş olan geleneksel koruma elemanlarının, IBR’lerin yüksek penetrasyon seviyelerinde yer aldığı modern iletim sistemlerinde istenen performansı sağlayamamasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu makalede, IBR’lerin arıza davranışı bileşen ağ eşdeğer devreleri kullanılarak analiz edilmekte ve bu davranışın negatif bileşen büyüklüklerine dayalı koruma fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmaktadır. Ayrıca, bahse konu koruma sistemlerinin doğru ve güvenilir işletiminin sağlanmasına yönelik öneriler de sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayrık bileşen kontrolü
• Dengesiz arızalar
• Dönüştürücü-tabanlı kaynaklar (IBR)
• Güç sistemi koruması
• İletim sistemi
• Negatif bileşen büyüklüklerine dayalı koruma elemanları

Fault Behaviour of Inverter-based Resources and the Impact on Negative Sequence Quantities-based Protection Schemes

Öz

With recent advances in wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) cell technologies, the wind and solar power penetration levels increase as well as the sizes of wind parks (WPs) and PV solar plants. These renewables are connected to electrical grids through power electronic converters and called inverter-based resources (IBRs). The IBRs have significantly different fault current signatures and dynamic behaviors compared to conventional synchronous generators (SGs). Thus, legacy protection elements designed based on the assumption of a SG-dominated power system may not function properly in modern transmission systems that accommodate IBRs at large scales and high penetration levels. This paper analyses the fault behavior of IBRs through the sequence network equivalent circuits, then demonstrates their impact on negative sequence quantities-based protection. The recommendations are also provided for safe protective relaying.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Decoupled sequence control
• Inverter-based resources (IBR)
• Negative sequence quantities-based protection elements
• Power system protection
• Transmission system
• Unbalanced faults

Kaynakça

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