Focal Treatments for Prostate Cancer

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 53 - 61, 30.01.2020

Cenk Gürbüz İlhan Yurdakul

Öz

Focal therapy ( FT ) in treatment of prostate cancer has been defined as ablation of index lesion by preserving of normal

tissue, neurovascular bundle and urinary sphincter. With growing interest in focal herapy (FT) of prostate cancer

(PCa) there is an increasing armamentarium of treatment modalities including high-intensity focused ultrasound

(HIFU), cryotherapy, focallaser ablation (FLA), irreversible electroporation (IRE), vascular targeted photodynamic

therapy (VTP), focal brachytherapy (FBT ). Untill now, there is no concencus on which treatment modality has more

advantageous. We reviewed current FT alternatives on the treatment of prostate cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prostate cancer, focal treatment, ablation

Prostat Kanseri Tedavisinde Fokal Tedaviler

Öz

Minimal invaziv yöntemleri kullanarak normal prostat dokusunu, nörovaskuler
demeti ve sfinkteri koruyarak prostata sınırlı kanserin ablasyonu Fokal Terapi ( FT) olarak tanımlanır. Günümüzde FT seçenekleri high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), kriyoteapi,
focal laser ablasyon (FLA), irreversible electroporation (IRE), vascular
targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP), focal brakiterapi (FBT)  gibi yöntemler kullanılarak yapılabilir. Yeni
modaliteler de sürekli tanımlanmakta olup hangi modalitenin daha avantajlı
olduğu konusunda kesin bir öneri henüz oluşmamıştır.

Bu derlemede FT de kulanılan metodların sonuçları
literatür eşliğinde gözden geçirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

focal, prostat, kanser

Kaynakça

• 1- Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E ve ark. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 57: 43-66,2007
• 2- Holund B. Latent prostatic cancer in a consecutive autopsy series. Scand J UrolNephrol 14: 29-35,1980;
• 3-Yatani R, Chigusa I, Akazaki K ve ark.Geographic pathology of latent prostaticcarcinoma. Int J Cancer 29: 611-6, 1982
• 4- Kikuchi E, Scardino PT, Wheeler TM,Slawin KM, Ohori M. Is tumor volüme an independent prognostic factor in clinically localized prostate cancer? J Urol 172:508–11, 2004
• 5- Hernandez DJ, Nielsen ME, Han M, et al.Natural history of pathologically organconfined (pT2),Gleason score 6 or less,prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Urology 72:172–6,2008
• 6- Stark JR, Perner S, Stampfer MJ, et al. Gleason score and lethal prostate cancer: does 3 + 4 =4 + 3? J Clin Oncol 27:3459–64,2009
• 7-Murphy DG, Loeb S. Prostate cancer: growth of AS in the USA signals reduction in overtreatment. Nat Rev Urol 12:604–5,2015
• 8-Tsivian M, Abern MR, Polascik TJ. Evolution of the concept of focal therapy for prostate cancer. Oncology 27:64–68,2013
• 9- van der Poel H, Klotz L, Andriole G, Azzouzi AR, Bjartell A,Cussenot O, et al. Role of active surveillance and focal therapy inlow- and intermediate-risk prostate cancers. World J Urol 33:907–16, 2015
• 10- Ahmed HU, Emberton M. Active surveillance and radical therapy in prostate cancer: can focal therapy offer the middle way? World J Urol 26:457–67,2008
• 11-Bahn D, Silverman P, Lee F, Badalament R, Bahn ED, Rewcastle JC. Focal prostate cryoablation: initial results show cancer control and potency preservation. J Endourol 20:688–92, 2006
• 12- Blana A, Murat FJ, Walter B, et al. First analysis of long-term results with transrectal HIFU inpatients with localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol 53:1194–1203,2008
• 13- Uchida T, Ohkusa H, Nagata Y, et al.Treatment of localized prostate cancer usinghigh-intensity focused ultrasound. BJU Int 97:56-61 ,2006
• 14- Ahmed S, Lindsey B, Davies J. Emerging minimally invasive techniques for treating localized prostate cancer. BJU Int. 96(9): 1230-4,2005
• 15- Salgaonkar VA, Prakash P, Rieke V, Ozhinsky E, Plata J, Kurhanewicz J, et al. Model-based feasibility assessment and evaluation of prostate hyperthermia with a commercial MR-guided endorectal HIFU ablation array. Med Phys. 41: 301, 2014
• 16- Ganzer R,Hadaschik B,Pahernik S,Koch D,Baumunk D,Kuru T,et al. Prospective multicenter phase II-study on focal therapy (hemiablation) of the prostate with High Intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). J Urol 199:983–989,2017
• 17- Rischmann P, Gelet A, Riche B, Villers A, Pasticier G, Bondil P,et al. Focal high intensity focused ultrasound of unilateral localized prostate cancer: a prospective multicentric hemiablation study of 111 patients. Eur Urol. 71:267–73,2016
• 18- Feijoo ER, Sivaraman A, Barret E, Sanchez-Salas R, Galiano M, Rozet F, Prapotnich D, Cathala N, Mombet A, Cathelineau X. Focal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Targeted Hemiablation for Unilateral Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Evaluation of Oncologic and Functional Outcomes. Eur Urol. 69(2):214-20 ,2016
• 19-Ahmed HU, Dickinson L, Charman S, Weir S, McCartan N,Hindley RG, et al. Focal ablation targeted to the index lesion inmultifocal localised prostate cancer: a prospective development study. Eur Uro 927–36,2015
• 20- van Velthoven R, Aoun F, Marcelis Q, Albisinni S, Zanaty M, Lemort M, Peltier A, Limani K.A prospective clinical trial of HIFU hemiablation for clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 19(1):79-83, 2016
• 21- Barret E, Ahallal Y, Sanchez-Salas R, Galiano M, Cosset JM,Validire P, et al. Morbidity of focal therapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol 63:618–22,2013
• 22- Ellis DS, Manny TBJ, Rewcastle JC. Focal cryosurgery followed by penile rehabilitation as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer: initial results. Urology 70:9–15, 2007
• 23- Ward JF, Jones JS. Focal cryotherapy for localized prostate cancer: a report from the national Cryo On-Line Database (COLD) registry. BJU Int 109:1648–54,2012
• 24- Natarajan S, Jones TA, Priester AM, Geoghegan R, Lieu P, Delfin M, et al. Focal laser ablation of prostate cancer: feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion for guidance. J Urol 198:839–47, 2017
• 25- Eggener SE, Yousuf A, Watson S, Wang S, Oto A. Phase II evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging guided focal laser ablation of prostate cancer. J Urol 196:1670–5, 2016
• 26- Lepor H, Llukani E, Sperling D, Futterer JJ. Complications,recovery, and early functional outcomes and oncologic control following in-bore focal laser ablation of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 68:924–6,2015
• 27- Cepek J, Chronik BA, Lindner U, Trachtenberg J, Davidson SR, Bax J, Fenster A A system for MRI-guided transperineal delivery of needles to the prostate for focal therapy.Med Phys 40(1), 2013
• 28- Azzouzi A-R, Vincendeau S, Barret E, Cicco A, Kleinclauss F,van der Poel HG, et al. Padeliporfin vascular-targeted photo-dynamic therapy versus active surveillance in men with low-risk prostate cancer (CLIN1001 PCM301): an open-label,phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 18:181–91, 2016
• 29- Moore CM, Azzouzi AR, Barret E, Villers A, Muir GH, Barber NJ, Bott S, Trachtenberg J, Arumainayagam N, Gaillac B, Allen C, Schertz A, Emberton M. Determination of optimal drug dose and light dose index to achieve minimally invasive focal ablation of localised prostate cancer using WST11-vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy..BJU Int. 116(6):888-96,2015
• 30- Barret E, Cicco A, Kleinclauss F, van der Poel HG, Stief CG, Rassweiler J, Salomon G, Solsona E, Alcaraz A, PCM301 Study Group Padeliporfin vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy versus active surveillance in men with low-risk prostate cancer (CLIN1001 PCM301): an open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.Lancet Oncol 18(2):181-191,2017
• 31- Cosset JM, Cathelineau X, Wakil G, Pierrat N, Quenzer O, Prapotnich D, et al. Focal brachytherapy for selected low-risk prostate cancers: a pilot study. Brachytherapy 12:331–7, 2013
• 32-Barret E, Ahallal Y, Sanchez-Salas R, Galiano M, Cosset JM,Validire P, et al. Morbidity of focal therapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Eur Urol 63:618–22, 2013
• 33- Onik G, Rubinsky B. Irreversible electroporation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2010. p. 235–47
• 34- van den Bos W, Muller BG, de la Rosette JJ. A randomized controlled trial on focal therapy for localized prostate carcinoma: hemiablation versus complete ablation with irreversible electroporation. J Endourol 27:262–4,2013
• 35-Valerio M, Stricker PD, Ahmed HU, Dickinson L, Ponsky L,Shnier R, et al. Initial assessment of safety and clinical feasibilityof irreversible electroporation in the focal treatment of prostatecancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 17:343–7,2014
• 36- Tay KJ, Scheltema MJ, Ahmed HU, Barret E, Coleman JA, Dominguez-Escrig J, Ghai S, Huang J, Jones JS, Klotz LH.Patient selection for prostate focal therapy in the era of active surveillance: an International Delphi Consensus Project. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2017
• 37- Valerio M, Cerantola Y, Eggener S, Lepor H, Polascik TJ, Villers A, Emberton M. New and Established Technology in Focal Ablation of the Prostate: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 71(1):17-34,2017