Finite Element Analysis of the Ballistic Behaviour of Al6061/SiC Functionally Graded Armour Under High Speed Impact

Öz

This study aims to numerically represent the behaviour of an Al6061/SiC reinforced laminated functional graded (FGM) armour system under high-speed impact, based on ballistic test data reported in the literature. The reference test setup was based on tests conducted at a distance of 10 m with a 7.62×51 mm NATO Ball M80 projectile fired at a 90° angle; in the armour architecture, the ceramic-rich region was positioned to face the impact direction in accordance with the "hard front–soft rear" approach, and an AA7075 backing plate was used on the rear side. In the numerical model, the SiC distribution formed by centrifugal casting was represented using a multi-layer approach for the inner, middle, and outer regions; local SiC volume fractions were determined based on image analysis, and layer properties were defined using a power-law-based grading. For material strength, the Steinberg–Guinan (SG) constitutive model, which addresses both pressure and temperature dependence within the same framework, was selected; finite element analyses were performed in the ANSYS Workbench–Explicit Dynamics environment. As part of the validation, it was demonstrated that the partial penetration (PP) and complete penetration (CP) regimes could be numerically reproduced at the two characteristic velocity levels reported in the experiment (500.88 m/s and 555.82 m/s), respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finite Element Analysis
• External Ballistics
• Functionally Graded Material
• Steinberg–Guinan material model
• Composite Material

Al6061/SiC Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Zırhın Yüksek Hız Darbe Altındaki Balistik Davranışının Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, literatürde raporlanan balistik deney verilerini temel alarak Al6061/SiC takviyeli lamine fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş (FGM) bir zırh sisteminin yüksek hız darbe altındaki davranışını sayısal olarak temsil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Referans deney kurgusunda 7.62×51 mm NATO Ball M80 mühimmat ile 10 m mesafeden 90° atış açısında gerçekleştirilen testler esas alınmış; zırh mimarisinde “sert ön–tok arka” yaklaşımına uygun şekilde seramikçe zengin bölge darbe yönüne gelecek biçimde konumlandırılmış ve arka tarafta AA7075 destek plaka kullanılmıştır. Sayısal modelde, santrifüj dökümle oluşan SiC dağılımı iç–orta–dış bölgeler için çok katmanlı bir yaklaşımla temsil edilmiştir; yerel SiC hacim oranları görüntü analizi temelli olarak belirlenmiş ve power-law tabanlı derecelendirme ile katman özellikleri tanımlanmıştır. Malzeme dayanımı için, basınç ve sıcaklık bağımlılığını aynı çerçevede ele alan Steinberg–Guinan (SG) konstitütif modeli seçilmiş; sonlu eleman analizleri ANSYS Workbench–Explicit Dynamics ortamında yürütülmüştür. Doğrulama kapsamında, deneyde raporlanan iki karakteristik hız seviyesinde (500.88 m/s ve 555.82 m/s) sırasıyla kısmi penetrasyon (PP) ve tam penetrasyon (CP) rejimlerinin sayısal olarak yeniden üretilebildiği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sonlu Eleman Analizi
• Balistik
• Fonksiyonel Dereceli Malzeme
• Steinberg–Guinan Malzeme modeli
• Kompozit Malzeme

Kaynakça

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